Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK.
Department of Psychology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Schizophr Res. 2020 Jul;221:4-11. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.03.064. Epub 2020 May 8.
In recent years there has been a surge of interest and corresponding accumulation of knowledge about the role of sleep disturbance in schizophrenia. In this review, we provide an update on the current status of experimentally controlled sleep deprivation (SD) as an experimental medicine model of psychosis, and also consider, given the complexity and heterogeneity of schizophrenia, whether this (state) model can be usefully combined with other state or trait model systems to more powerfully model the pathophysiology of psychosis. We present evidence of dose-dependent aberrations that qualitatively resemble positive, negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia as well as deficits in a range of translational biomarkers for schizophrenia, including prepulse inhibition, smooth pursuit and antisaccades, following experimentally controlled SD, relative to standard sleep, in healthy volunteers. Studies examining the combination of SD and schizotypy, a trait model of schizophrenia, revealed only occasional, task-dependent superiority of the combination model, relative to either of the two models alone. Overall, we argue that experimentally controlled SD is a valuable experimental medicine model of schizophrenia to advance our understanding of the pathophysiology of the clinical disorder and discovery of more effective or novel treatments. Future studies are needed to test its utility in combination with other, especially state, model systems of psychosis such as ketamine.
近年来，人们对睡眠障碍在精神分裂症中的作用产生了浓厚的兴趣，并相应地积累了相关知识。在这篇综述中，我们提供了一个关于睡眠剥夺（SD）作为精神病学实验医学模型的最新现状，鉴于精神分裂症的复杂性和异质性，我们还考虑了这种（状态）模型是否可以与其他状态或特征模型系统相结合，以更有力地模拟精神病的病理生理学。我们提出了证据表明，SD 会导致与精神分裂症的阳性、阴性和认知症状以及一系列精神分裂症的转化生物标志物（包括预脉冲抑制、平滑追踪和反扫视）的缺陷有关的、具有剂量依赖性的异常，这些异常类似于健康志愿者在标准睡眠条件下进行的实验性 SD 后的状态。研究了 SD 与精神分裂症特征模型精神分裂样特质的结合，结果仅偶尔发现，与两种模型中的任何一种相比，联合模型具有任务依赖性的优势。总的来说，我们认为实验性 SD 是一种有价值的精神分裂症实验医学模型，可以帮助我们更好地理解该临床疾病的病理生理学，并发现更有效或更具创新性的治疗方法。需要进一步的研究来测试其与其他，特别是状态模型系统（如氯胺酮）结合的效用。
