Wang Liyong, Liu Min, Yu Shi, Xu Peng, He Xiaodong, Wang Kunpeng, Wang Jin, Zhan Mingsheng
Opt Express. 2020 May 11;28(10):15038-15049. doi: 10.1364/OE.385700.
We investigate a single-atom interferometer (SAI) in an optical dipole trap (ODT) with photon momentum kicks. An echo sequence is used for the SAI. We find experimentally that interference visibilities of a counter-propagating Raman type SAI decay much faster than the co-propagating case. To understand the underlying mechanism, a wave-packet propagating simulation is developed for the ODT-guided SAI. We show that in state dependent dipole potentials, the coupling between external dynamics and internal states makes the atom evolve in different paths during the interfering process. The acquired momentum from counter-propagating Raman pulses forces the external motional wave packets of two paths be completely separated and the interferometer visibility decays quickly compared to that of the co-propagating Raman pulses process. Meanwhile, the echo interference visibility experiences revival or instantaneous collapse which depends on the π pulse adding time at approximate integer multiples or half integer multiples of the trap period.
我们研究了在具有光子动量踢的光学偶极阱（ODT）中的单原子干涉仪（SAI）。SAI使用回波序列。我们通过实验发现，反向传播拉曼型SAI的干涉可见度比同向传播的情况衰减得快得多。为了理解其潜在机制，我们为ODT引导的SAI开发了一个波包传播模拟。我们表明，在状态依赖的偶极势中，外部动力学与内部状态之间的耦合使原子在干涉过程中沿不同路径演化。反向传播拉曼脉冲获得的动量迫使两条路径的外部运动波包完全分离，与同向传播拉曼脉冲过程相比，干涉仪的可见度迅速衰减。同时，回波干涉可见度会出现复苏或瞬间崩溃，这取决于在阱周期的近似整数倍或半整数倍处添加π脉冲的时间。
