Natural Resources Wales, Faraday Building, Swansea University, Singleton Campus, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Burnaby Road, Portsmouth, PO1 3QL, UK.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2020 Aug;27(22):27995-28005. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-09077-5. Epub 2020 May 13.
Chemcatcher and POCIS passive sampling devices are widely used for monitoring polar organic pollutants in water. Chemcatcher uses a bound Horizon Atlantic™ HLB-L sorbent disk as receiving phase, whilst the POCIS uses the same material in the form of loose powder. Both devices (n = 3) were deployed for 21 days in the final effluent at three wastewater treatment plants in South Wales, UK. Following deployment, sampler extracts were analysed using liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Compounds were identified using an in-house database of pharmaceuticals using a metabolomics workflow. Sixty-eight compounds were identified in all samplers. For the POCIS, substantial losses of sorbent (11-51%) were found during deployment and subsequent laboratory analysis, necessitating the use of a recovery factor. Percentage relative standard deviations varied (with 10 compounds exceeding 30% in both samplers) between individual compounds and between samplers deployed at the three sites. The relative performance of the two devices was evaluated using the mass of analyte sequestered, measured as an integrated peak area. The ratio of the uptake of the pharmaceuticals for the POCIS versus Chemcatcher was lower (1.84x) than would be expected on the basis of the ratio of active sampling areas (3.01x) of the two devices. The lower than predicted uptake may be attributable to the loose sorbent material moving inside the POCIS when deployed in the field in the vertical plane. In order to overcome this, it is recommended to deploy the POCIS horizontally inside the deployment cage.
Chemcatcher 和 POCIS 被动采样器广泛用于监测水中的极性有机污染物。Chemcatcher 使用固定的 Horizon Atlantic™ HLB-L 亲脂性吸附剂作为接收相，而 POCIS 则使用松散粉末形式的相同材料。在英国南威尔士的三个污水处理厂的最终排放口，这两种装置（n=3）部署了 21 天。部署后，使用液相色谱飞行时间质谱法分析采样器提取物。使用制药行业的内部数据库和代谢组学工作流程，通过化合物鉴定。在所有采样器中均鉴定出 68 种化合物。对于 POCIS，在部署过程中和随后的实验室分析中发现吸附剂大量损失（11-51%），因此需要使用回收率因子。个别化合物和在三个地点部署的采样器之间的相对标准偏差（10 种化合物在两个采样器中均超过 30%）有所不同。使用作为积分峰面积测量的被隔离分析物的质量来评估两种装置的相对性能。与两个装置的有效采样面积（3.01x）相比，POCIS 与 Chemcatcher 相比，药物的摄取比例较低（1.84x）。这种低于预测的摄取可能归因于在垂直平面中部署时，松散的吸附剂材料在 POCIS 内部移动。为了克服这一问题，建议在部署笼中水平部署 POCIS。
