Baglietto Matteo, MacKeown Henry, Benedetti Barbara, Di Carro Marina, Magi Emanuele
Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146, Genoa, Italy.
Anal Bioanal Chem. 2025 Mar;417(8):1567-1580. doi: 10.1007/s00216-025-05746-x. Epub 2025 Feb 1.
Despite their diffusion in research studies, passive samplers are rarely used in regulatory applications. To expand the employment of passive samplers in regulatory environmental studies, standardized procedures for processing each sampler type should be proposed and accepted, but currently, each study develops its own protocol based on previous knowledge and specific needs. In this work, six identical polar organic chemical integrative samplers in seawater were deployed to understand the importance of the sorbent transfer method prior to the elution step. A common "wet transfer" with ultra-pure water was compared to a less diffused "dry-transfer," assessing recoveries and matrix effects of 38 target compounds of emerging concern, including polar pesticides, recreational and food-related substances, pharmaceuticals, industrial additives, and ultra-violet (UV) filters. The dry-transfer procedure generally allowed better recoveries, especially for the more polar compounds, without affecting matrix effects (which remained in the range 40-130%). Along with the recovery assessment, the analysis of the non-spiked sorbent extracts revealed traces of many of the targeted emerging contaminants, quantifying perfluorooctanoic acid, UV-filters, carbamazepine, diclofenac, and triclosan. Furthermore, other compounds were found below their limits of quantitation. Ten analytes were detected only in the extracts of the dry-transferred passive samplers, highlighting the importance of applying this protocol, especially when dealing with polar compounds. This refined processing method, therefore, permits a more standardized and reproducible strategy, at the same time enlarging the set of analytes which could be detected and quantified.
尽管被动采样器在研究中得到了广泛应用，但在监管应用中却很少使用。为了扩大被动采样器在监管环境研究中的应用，应提出并接受处理每种采样器类型的标准化程序，但目前，每项研究都根据先前的知识和特定需求制定自己的方案。在这项工作中，在海水中部署了六个相同的极性有机化学综合采样器，以了解在洗脱步骤之前吸附剂转移方法的重要性。将超纯水的常见“湿转移”与较少使用的“干转移”进行比较，评估了38种新兴关注目标化合物的回收率和基质效应，这些化合物包括极性农药、娱乐和食品相关物质、药物、工业添加剂和紫外线（UV）过滤器。干转移程序通常能实现更好的回收率，尤其是对于极性更强的化合物，且不会影响基质效应（基质效应仍在40%-130%范围内）。除了回收率评估外，对未加标吸附剂提取物的分析还发现了许多目标新兴污染物的痕迹，对全氟辛酸、紫外线过滤器、卡马西平、双氯芬酸和三氯生进行了定量。此外，还发现其他化合物低于其定量限。仅在干转移被动采样器的提取物中检测到10种分析物，突出了应用该方案的重要性，尤其是在处理极性化合物时。因此，这种改进的处理方法允许采用更标准化和可重复的策略，同时扩大了可检测和定量的分析物范围。
