University of Lleida, Environment and Soil Science Department, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, E-25198 Lleida, Spain.
University of Lleida, Environment and Soil Science Department, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, E-25198 Lleida, Spain.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Jul 1;724:137918. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137918. Epub 2020 Mar 19.
Ammonia volatilisation from agriculture represents an important nitrogen (N) loss which has both environmental and economic impacts. In regions where large amounts of manures are available, there is a need to find appropriate management strategies that help to reuse them without increasing ammonia volatilisation. A study was made of the effect on ammonia volatilisation and yield of fertilising ryegrass with pig slurry (PS) and ammonium nitrosulphate (ANS-26) alone and with the 3,4-dimethylpyrazol phosphate (DMPP) nitrification inhibitor added to them. The study was conducted under Mediterranean conditions at two different sites. The treatments (control, PS, PS + DMPP, ANS-26 and ENTEC®) were established in a randomised block design with three replicates. Ammonia was sampled daily after each fertilisation using semi-static volatilisation chambers. We hypothesised that PS could replace mineral fertiliser without substantially increasing ammonia volatilisation in the studied systems. Temperature positively correlated with ammonia emissions. On the whole, during the two years of the study, the PS treatments presented higher average cumulative ammonia volatilisation (25% of total ammonium nitrogen (TAN) applied at Site 1; 21% of TAN applied at Site 2) than the mineral ones (11% of TAN applied at Site 1; 10% of TAN applied at Site 2). At pre-sowing, ammonia volatilisation was significantly (p < .05) lower (51% at Site 1; 55% at Site 2) than after ryegrass cuts due to burying PS immediately after application. Overall, applying DMPP had no effect on ammonia volatilisation. There were no significant differences in average yield (from 13.7 to 15.8 kg ha at Site 1; from 11.6 to 13.5 kg ha at Site 2) between the fertilised treatments, though ENTEC® tended to increase it. Applying PS (pre-sowing fertilisation) in combination with mineral N or processed PS fractions after ryegrass cuts could be an interesting option for the recycling of this livestock by-product without increasing ammonia volatilisation while maintaining yields.
农业氨挥发是一种重要的氮（N）损失，会对环境和经济产生影响。在有大量肥料的地区，需要找到适当的管理策略，帮助重复利用这些肥料，而不增加氨挥发。本研究考察了在两个不同地点的地中海条件下，单独施肥黑麦草猪粪（PS）和硝硫基（ANS-26）以及添加 3,4-二甲基吡唑磷酸盐（DMPP）硝化抑制剂对氨挥发和产量的影响。处理（对照、PS、PS+DMPP、ANS-26 和 ENTEC®）采用随机区组设计，每个处理设置 3 个重复。每次施肥后，使用半静态挥发室每天采集氨样。我们假设 PS 可以替代矿物肥料，而不会在研究系统中显著增加氨挥发。温度与氨排放呈正相关。总的来说，在研究的两年中，PS 处理的平均累积氨挥发量（Site1 为施入 TAN 的 25%；Site2 为 21%）高于矿物处理（Site1 为施入 TAN 的 11%；Site2 为 10%）。在播种前，氨挥发量显著低于（Site1 为 51%；Site2 为 55%）黑麦草刈割后，因为 PS 是在施用后立即被掩埋的。总体而言，添加 DMPP 对氨挥发没有影响。施肥处理的平均产量（Site1 为 13.7-15.8kg/ha；Site2 为 11.6-13.5kg/ha）之间没有显著差异，尽管 ENTEC® 有增加产量的趋势。在黑麦草刈割后，将 PS（播种前施肥）与矿物 N 或经过处理的 PS 结合起来，可能是一种不增加氨挥发量而保持产量的方法，可用于回收这种牲畜副产品。
