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古埃及的希腊罗马时期,头发颜色较浅是因为祖先的原因,而不是泡碱吗?

Is ancestry, not natron, an explanation for fair haired children in Greco-Roman Egypt?

机构信息

Department of Forensic Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.

Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, 65 Kavanagh St., Southbank,, 3006 Victorian, Australia.

出版信息

Forensic Sci Med Pathol. 2020 Jun;16(2):207-215. doi: 10.1007/s12024-020-00225-4. Epub 2020 May 14.

DOI:10.1007/s12024-020-00225-4
PMID:32410108
Abstract

In an examination of three unwrapped mummified children from the Graeco-Roman Period of ancient Egypt there was an unexpected finding of fair hair. In the majority of unwrapped ancient Egyptian mummified bodies the hair was not fair but rather dark brown or black. To determine if exposure to natron during the mummification process was responsible for the fair hair color an experiment was carried out to partially replicate the environment in which bodies were desiccated. Fourteen samples of modern hair from various age groups, sex and ethnicity were subjected to synthetic natron for a period of 40 days to replicate the time taken to mummify a body. Macroscopic and microscopic examinations of samples were employed to ascertain any significant changes in hair color after treatment. Ancient wigs were studied for evidence of post mortem changes to hair color since construction over 2,000 years ago. Results of the study showed no significant lightening of hair color and in several samples the hair significantly darkened as the result of exposure to the natron. There was not any evidence that hair lightened as the result of natural post mortem changes and this was confirmed by the study of the natural hair wigs that had not changed color post mortem. This study concluded that the fair hair observed in the three child mummies was not the result of exposure to natron or post mortem changes but rather it was probably due to ancestry because of the presence of diverse genomes that were introduced into ancient Egypt during the Greco-Roman Period.

摘要

在对来自古埃及希腊罗马时期的三个未经包裹的木乃伊儿童进行检查时,发现了令人意外的金发。在大多数未经包裹的古埃及木乃伊身体中,头发不是金色的,而是深棕色或黑色的。为了确定在木乃伊制作过程中接触碱液是否是导致金发的原因,进行了一项实验,以部分复制身体干燥的环境。从不同年龄、性别和种族的十四份现代头发样本中提取,经过 40 天的人工合成碱液处理,以模拟制作一具木乃伊所需的时间。采用宏观和微观检查来确定头发在处理后的颜色是否有明显变化。对古代假发进行了研究,以寻找死后头发颜色变化的证据,因为这些假发是在 2000 多年前制作的。研究结果表明,头发颜色没有明显变浅,在几个样本中,由于暴露在碱液中,头发明显变深。没有证据表明头发因自然死后变化而变浅,这一点通过对死后没有改变颜色的天然假发的研究得到了证实。这项研究的结论是,在三个儿童木乃伊中观察到的金发不是暴露在碱液或死后变化的结果,而是可能由于祖先的原因,因为在希腊罗马时期,有多种基因组被引入古埃及。

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本文引用的文献

1
Mummy DNA unravels ancient Egyptians' ancestry.木乃伊DNA揭示古埃及人的血统。
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Ancient Egyptian mummy genomes suggest an increase of Sub-Saharan African ancestry in post-Roman periods.古埃及木乃伊基因组表明,在后罗马时期撒哈拉以南非洲人的祖先比例有所增加。
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Raman spectroscopy of natron: shedding light on ancient Egyptian mummification.泡碱的拉曼光谱:揭示古埃及木乃伊制作工艺
Anal Bioanal Chem. 2007 Jun;388(3):683-9. doi: 10.1007/s00216-007-1249-4. Epub 2007 Apr 3.
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Brief communication: twentieth-century replication of an Egyptian mummy: implications for paleopathology.简短通讯:一具埃及木乃伊的20世纪复制:对古病理学的启示
Am J Phys Anthropol. 1998 Dec;107(4):417-20. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199812)107:4<417::AID-AJPA4>3.0.CO;2-B.