Andualem Zewudu, Adane Tsegaye, Tigabu Abiye, Yallew Walelign Worku, Wami Sintayehu Daba, Dagne Henok, Azanaw Jember, Guyasa Gebisa, Azene Zelalem Nigussie, Endalew Mastewal
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Int J Pediatr. 2020 Apr 29;2020:3464907. doi: 10.1155/2020/3464907. eCollection 2020.
Acute respiratory infections in particular pneumonia constitutes the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children under five years of age throughout the world. In Ethiopia, pneumonia continues to be the major childhood problem and killer, particularly in the study area. However, evidence dealing with the problem is still unavailable. The current study is aimed at determining the magnitude and risk factors of childhood pneumonia in Gondar City.
A community-based cross-sectional study was employed in five randomly selected clusters/subcities of Gondar City. A total of 792 child-mother/caregiver pairs in the selected subcities/clusters were included. A pretested and validated questionnaire was used by trained supervisors through house-to-house visits to collect the data. Binary logistic regression (bivariable and multivariable) was employed. An adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used to declare statistically significant variables on the basis of < 0.05 in the multivariable logistic regression model.
The prevalence of pneumonia among under-five children in the current study was found to be 12% with 95% CI: 10% to 14.4%. The presence of unpaved road within 100 m of the house (AOR = 2.27, 95% CI: 1.41-3.66), living within 100 m of heavy traffic (AOR = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.19-3.16), the habit of not opening doors while cooking (AOR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.01-2.62), the presence of cockroach infestation (AOR = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.25-3.14), and new carpet in the house (AOR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.01-3.03) were statistically significant variables associated with childhood pneumonia.
This study indicated that the prevalence of childhood pneumonia is still high. As such, enhancing strategies that would address unpaved roads within 100 m of the house, living within 100 m of heavy traffic, the habit of not opening doors while cooking, cockroach infestation, and new carpet in the house to reduce the burden of childhood pneumonia needs to be advocated.
急性呼吸道感染尤其是肺炎是全世界五岁以下儿童发病和死亡的主要原因。在埃塞俄比亚，肺炎仍然是主要的儿童问题和杀手，特别是在研究区域。然而，关于该问题的证据仍然缺乏。本研究旨在确定贡德尔市儿童肺炎的严重程度和危险因素。
在贡德尔市随机选择的五个社区/子城市开展了一项基于社区的横断面研究。共纳入了所选子城市/社区中的792对儿童-母亲/照顾者。经过预测试和验证的问卷由经过培训的督导员通过挨家挨户走访来收集数据。采用二元逻辑回归（双变量和多变量）。在多变量逻辑回归模型中，基于<0.05的水平，使用具有95%置信区间的调整后比值比来确定具有统计学意义的变量。
本研究中五岁以下儿童肺炎的患病率为12%，95%置信区间为：10%至14.4%。房屋100米内有无铺砌道路（调整后比值比=2.27，95%置信区间：1.41 - 3.66）、居住在交通繁忙区域100米内（调整后比值比=1.94，95%置信区间：1.19 - 3.16）、做饭时不开门的习惯（调整后比值比=1.62，95%置信区间：1.01 - 2.62）、蟑螂滋生（调整后比值比=1.98，95%置信区间：1.25 - 3.14）以及家中有新地毯（调整后比值比=1.75，95%置信区间：1.01 -
3.03）是与儿童肺炎相关的具有统计学意义的变量。
本研究表明儿童肺炎的患病率仍然很高。因此，需要倡导加强相关策略，以解决房屋100米内的未铺砌道路、居住在交通繁忙区域100米内、做饭时不开门的习惯、蟑螂滋生以及家中有新地毯等问题，以减轻儿童肺炎的负担。
