Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2020 Jul;23(4):282-287. doi: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000000662.
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) and the thermogenic adipocytes in white adipose tissue (WAT) are considered emerging targets against obesity-related metabolic perturbations given their high capacity for thermogenesis and glucose and lipid disposal. This manuscript summarizes and critically evaluates the recent advances on the role of BAT and thermogenic adipocytes in glucose homeostasis in humans.
Recent studies support that BAT has high capacity for glucose disposal not only during cold but during rewarming and thermoneutrality as well. Moreover, BAT is now considered a metabolic sink for the disposal of branched-chain amino acids improving whole-body glucose metabolism in rodents and, potentially, in humans. β3 adrenergic agonism and glucagon-like peptide 1 increase BAT metabolic activity for glucose and/or induce the browning of WAT. Finally, recent findings support the association of glucose disposal in BAT with subclinical atherosclerosis and the reproducibility of two advanced medical imaging methods for the assessment of BAT using a glucose radiotracer.
Recent studies provide new insights on the role of human BAT and thermogenic adipocytes in glucose metabolism. However, further research is needed to unequivocally establish the clinical significance of BAT and the thermogenic adipocytes in glucose homeostasis in humans.
目的综述：棕色脂肪组织（BAT）和白色脂肪组织（WAT）中的产热脂肪细胞因其产热和葡萄糖及脂质代谢能力而被认为是对抗肥胖相关代谢紊乱的新兴靶点。本文总结和批判性评估了 BAT 和产热脂肪细胞在人类葡萄糖稳态中的作用的最新进展。
最新发现：最近的研究支持 BAT 在寒冷、复温和热中性期间均具有较高的葡萄糖处理能力。此外，BAT 现在被认为是支链氨基酸处理的代谢消耗器，可改善啮齿动物的全身葡萄糖代谢，并且可能在人类中也是如此。β3 肾上腺素能激动剂和胰高血糖素样肽 1 增加 BAT 对葡萄糖的代谢活性和/或诱导 WAT 的褐变。最后，最近的研究结果支持 BAT 中的葡萄糖处理与亚临床动脉粥样硬化有关，并且使用葡萄糖示踪剂评估 BAT 的两种先进医学成像方法的重现性。
总结：最近的研究提供了关于人类 BAT 和产热脂肪细胞在葡萄糖代谢中的作用的新见解。然而，需要进一步的研究来明确确定 BAT 和产热脂肪细胞在人类葡萄糖稳态中的临床意义。
