Tufariello Maria, Capozzi Vittorio, Spano Giuseppe, Cantele Giovanni, Venerito Pasquale, Mita Giovanni, Grieco Francesco
Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, c/o CS-DAT, Via Michele Protano, 71121 Foggia, Italy.
Microorganisms. 2020 May 13;8(5):726. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms8050726.
The employment of multi-species starter cultures has growing importance in modern winemaking for improving the complexity and wine attributes. The assessment of compatibility for selected species/strains at the industrial-scale is crucial to assure the quality and the safety associated with fermentations. An aspect particularly relevant when the species belong to non-Saccharomyces, Saccharomyces spp. and malolactic bacteria, three categories with different biological characteristics and oenological significance. To the best of our knowledge, the present report is the first study regarding the utilization of a combined starter culture composed of three strains of non-Saccharomyces, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus plantarum for production of wine at the industrial scale. More in-depth, this work investigated the oenological potential of the autochthonous characterized strains from the Apulian region (Southern Italy), Candida zemplinina (syn. Starmerella bacillaris) 35NC1, S. cerevisiae (NP103), and L. plantarum (LP44), in co-inoculation following a complete scale-up scheme. Microbial dynamics, fermentative profiles and production of volatile secondary compounds were assessed in lab-scale micro-vinification tests and then the performances of the mixed starter formulation were further evaluated by pilot-scale wine production. The above results were finally validated by performing an industrial-scale vinification on 100HL of Negroamaro cultivar grape must. The multi-starter formulation was able to rule the different stages of the fermentation processes effectively, and the different microbial combinations enhanced the organoleptic wine features to different extents. The findings indicated that the simultaneous inoculation of the three species affect the quality and quantity of several volatile compounds, confirming that the complexity of the wine can reflect the complexity of the starter cultures. Moreover, the results underlined that the same mixed culture could differently influence wine quality when tested at the lab-, pilot- and industrial-scale. Finally, we highlighted the significance of employment non-Saccharomyces and L. plantarum, together with S. cerevisiae, autochthonous strains in the design of custom-made starter culture formulation for typical regional wine production with pronounced unique quality.
在现代酿酒过程中,使用多菌种发酵剂对于提升葡萄酒的复杂性和品质特性愈发重要。在工业规模下评估所选菌种/菌株的兼容性,对于确保发酵过程的质量和安全性至关重要。当涉及非酿酒酵母属、酿酒酵母属和苹果酸乳酸细菌这三类具有不同生物学特性和酿酒学意义的菌种时,这一方面尤为重要。据我们所知,本报告是关于利用由三株非酿酒酵母、酿酒酵母和植物乳杆菌组成的复合发酵剂在工业规模上生产葡萄酒的首次研究。更深入地说,这项工作按照完整的放大方案,研究了来自意大利南部普利亚地区的本土特征菌株泽姆林念珠菌(同义词:巴氏星芒酵母)35NC1、酿酒酵母(NP103)和植物乳杆菌(LP44)在共接种时的酿酒潜力。在实验室规模的微型酿酒试验中评估了微生物动态、发酵特征和挥发性次生化合物的产生,然后通过中试规模的葡萄酒生产进一步评估了混合发酵剂配方的性能。上述结果最终通过对100百升黑曼罗品种葡萄汁进行工业规模酿酒得到验证。多菌种发酵剂配方能够有效地控制发酵过程的不同阶段,不同的微生物组合在不同程度上增强了葡萄酒的感官特性。研究结果表明,同时接种这三种菌种会影响几种挥发性化合物的质量和数量,证实了葡萄酒的复杂性可以反映发酵剂的复杂性。此外,结果强调了相同的混合培养物在实验室、中试和工业规模测试时对葡萄酒质量的影响可能不同。最后,我们强调了在设计用于典型地区葡萄酒生产、具有显著独特品质的定制发酵剂配方时,将非酿酒酵母和植物乳杆菌与酿酒酵母本土菌株一起使用的重要性。