Vanhelst J, Ternynck C, Ovigneur H, Deschamps T
Inserm, U1286 - Infinite-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, université de Lille, CHU de Lille, 59000 Lille, France; Inserm, CIC 1403 - Centre d'investigation clinique, université de Lille, CHU de Lille, 59000 Lille, France.
ULR 2694 - METRICS : évaluation des technologies de santé et des pratiques médicales, université de Lille, CHU de Lille, 59000 Lille, France.
Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique. 2020 Jun;68(3):163-169. doi: 10.1016/j.respe.2020.04.052. Epub 2020 May 13.
A high level of physical fitness is associated with cardiovascular health in adolescents. We describe change in physical fitness levels assessed at two time points over 3 years.
The study presents a longitudinal design, with the first phase data collection at 8 years and the second phase carried out at 11 years. A total of 516 children (254 boys) aged to 7.7±0.4 years (in 2010) and 10.9±0.4 years (in 2010) and 10.9 ± 0.4 years (in 2013) participated to the study. Cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, speed, and agility were assessed in this study. For each physical fitness test, determination of the situation (in terms of percentiles) of each child in 2010 and then in 2013 compared to national standards. The 2010 and 2013 percentiles are then compared using the Wilcoxon signed rank test.
Muscular strength, agility and cardiorespiratory fitness decrease in both sex (p<0.01). A significant decrease was also found for all physical fitness components in normal weight children (p<0.05). For normal weight children in 2010 who became overweight or obese in 2013, there was a significant decrease in scores of cardiorespiratory fitness and agility tests (p<0.05). For overweight children in 2010 becoming from to normal weight status in 2013, only the agility test decreased significantly (p<0.05). Children being overweight or obese in 2010 and remaining in 2013, had a significant decrease in their physical fitness levels (p<0.05).
Our results indicate that the physical fitness of French youth decrease between childhood and early adolescence. Developing and introducing a health promotion curriculum in the French schools is suggested to improve health and physical fitness.
高水平的身体素质与青少年的心血管健康相关。我们描述了在3年的两个时间点评估的身体素质水平的变化。
该研究采用纵向设计，第一阶段数据收集于8岁时进行，第二阶段于11岁时开展。共有516名儿童（254名男孩）参与了该研究，他们在2010年的年龄为7.7±0.4岁，在2013年为10.9±0.4岁。本研究评估了心肺适能、肌肉力量、速度和敏捷性。对于每项身体素质测试，确定每个孩子在2010年以及之后在2013年相对于国家标准的情况（以百分位数表示）。然后使用Wilcoxon符号秩检验比较2010年和2013年的百分位数。
男女的肌肉力量、敏捷性和心肺适能均下降（p<0.01）。正常体重儿童的所有身体素质指标也有显著下降（p<0.05）。对于2010年体重正常但在2013年超重或肥胖的儿童，心肺适能和敏捷性测试得分显著下降（p<0.05）。对于2010年超重但在2013年恢复正常体重的儿童，只有敏捷性测试显著下降（p<0.05）。2010年超重或肥胖且在2013年仍保持该状态的儿童，其身体素质水平显著下降（p<0.05）。
我们的结果表明，法国青少年的身体素质在童年和青春期早期有所下降。建议在法国学校制定并引入健康促进课程，以改善健康和身体素质。
