Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C5, Canada.
Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C5, Canada.
Environ Sci Technol. 2020 Jun 2;54(11):6859-6868. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.0c00245. Epub 2020 May 18.
Nanoplastics (NPs; <0.1 μm) are speculated to be a bigger ecological threat due to their predicted wider distribution, higher concentrations, and bioavailability. Primary NPs are manufactured to be that size, while secondary NPs originate from fragmentation of bigger debris. To date, the long-term impact of NPs in freshwater systems, particularly secondary NPs, is not well-understood. Thus, we employed a freshwater invertebrate, , to investigate the chronic effects of model primary NPs, fluorescent polystyrene nanospheres (PS-NPs; 20 nm), and water leachate of weathered single-use plastics that contained micro- and nanosized particles. In experiment 1, parent (F0) were exposed to 1 and 50 mg/L PS-NPs until the production of the neonates (F1) followed by a two-generation recovery. PS-NPs were mainly detected in the intestine and brood chamber in F0 and transferred to F1 and F2. PS-NPs significantly decreased the appendage curling and heartbeat rate in F0 and reduced reproduction in F2. In experiment 2, the plastic leachate also reduced the appendage curling rate but increased growth and reproduction. The results suggest that the acute toxicity of primary and secondary plastic particles is low even at high concentrations, but their chronic and sublethal effects should not be overlooked.
纳米塑料（NPs；<0.1 μm）由于其预测的更广泛分布、更高浓度和生物利用度，被推测为更大的生态威胁。初级 NPs 是被制造为那种大小的，而次级 NPs 则来源于较大碎片的破碎。迄今为止，纳米塑料在淡水系统中的长期影响，特别是次级 NPs，还没有得到很好的理解。因此，我们使用一种淡水无脊椎动物， ，来研究模型初级 NPs、荧光聚苯乙烯纳米球（PS-NPs；20nm）和含有微纳米颗粒的风化一次性塑料的水浸提物的慢性影响。在实验 1 中，亲代 （F0） 暴露于 1 和 50mg/L PS-NPs 中，直到产生幼虫（F1），然后进行两代恢复。PS-NPs 主要在 F0 的肠道和育室中被检测到，并转移到 F1 和 F2。PS-NPs 显著降低了 F0 的附肢卷曲和心跳率，并降低了 F2 的繁殖。在实验 2 中，塑料浸提液也降低了附肢卷曲率，但增加了生长和繁殖。结果表明，即使在高浓度下，初级和次级塑料颗粒的急性毒性也较低，但不应忽视其慢性和亚致死效应。
