Coulon Marianne, Dalmon Anne, Di Prisco Gennaro, Prado Alberto, Arban Florine, Dubois Eric, Ribière-Chabert Magali, Alaux Cedric, Thiéry Richard, Le Conte Yves
INRAE, UR 406 Abeilles et Environnement, Site Agroparc, Avignon, France.
ANSES Sophia Antipolis, Unit of Honey bee Pathology, Sophia Antipolis, France.
Front Microbiol. 2020 Apr 30;11:766. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00766. eCollection 2020.
Exposure to multiple stress factors is believed to contribute to honey bee colony decline. However, little is known about how co-exposure to stress factors can alter the survival and behavior of free-living honey bees in colony conditions. We therefore studied the potential interaction between a neonicotinoid pesticide, thiamethoxam, and a highly prevalent honey bee pathogen, (DWV). For this purpose, tagged bees were exposed to DWV by feeding or injection, and/or to field-relevant doses of thiamethoxam, then left in colonies equipped with optical bee counters to monitor flight activity. DWV loads and the expression of immune genes were quantified. A reduction in vitellogenin expression level was observed in DWV-injected bees and was associated with precocious onset of foraging. Combined exposure to DWV and thiamethoxam did not result in higher DWV loads compared to bees only exposed to DWV, but induced precocious foraging, increased the risk of not returning to the hive after the first flight, and decreased survival when compared to single stress exposures. We therefore provided the first evidence for deleterious interactions between DWV and thiamethoxam in natural conditions.
人们认为，暴露于多种压力因素会导致蜜蜂蜂群数量下降。然而，对于在蜂群环境中同时暴露于多种压力因素如何改变自由生活的蜜蜂的生存和行为，我们却知之甚少。因此，我们研究了新烟碱类杀虫剂噻虫嗪与一种高度流行的蜜蜂病原体——蜜蜂残翅病毒（DWV）之间的潜在相互作用。为此，我们给蜜蜂做上标记，通过喂食或注射使其接触DWV，和/或接触田间实际剂量的噻虫嗪，然后将它们留在配备了光学蜜蜂计数器的蜂群中，以监测飞行活动。对DWV载量和免疫基因的表达进行了量化。在注射了DWV的蜜蜂中观察到卵黄原蛋白表达水平降低，并且这与过早开始觅食有关。与仅接触DWV的蜜蜂相比，同时接触DWV和噻虫嗪并不会导致更高的DWV载量，但会诱发过早觅食，增加首次飞行后不返回蜂巢的风险，并且与单一压力暴露相比，会降低蜜蜂的存活率。因此，我们首次提供了在自然条件下DWV与噻虫嗪之间存在有害相互作用的证据。
