Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Division of Child Development and Community Health, University of California, San Diego, California, USA.
Pediatr Obes. 2020 Nov;15(11):e12656. doi: 10.1111/ijpo.12656. Epub 2020 May 19.
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have been related to the development of adiposity. N-3 PUFA appears to be protective against obesity risk, while n-6 PUFA may be associated with greater adiposity. However, most studies have been conducted among adults. The role of PUFA in infancy is unknown.
To examine associations of serum PUFA at age 1 year with age- and sex-adjusted body mass index Z score (BMIZ) change through age 16 years and body composition at 16 years.
We quantified serum PUFA in 636 Chilean infants aged 1 year. We measured BMIZ at ages 1, 5, 10 and 16 years, and body composition by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry at 16 years. We estimated differences in 1- to 16-years BMIZ change between PUFA quartiles from multivariable linear mixed models with restricted cubic splines. At 16 years, we estimated differences in total fat mass (ToFM), truncal fat mass (TrFM), total lean mass (TLM), percent total fat mass (%ToFM) and percent truncal fat mass (%TrFM) between PUFA quartiles using linear regression.
PUFA were not associated with BMIZ change. Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) was positively associated with TrFM (P = .03) and %TrFM (P < .0001) at 16 years while eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) was inversely associated with %TrFM (P = .001). Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) was positively associated with ToFM (P = .01), TrFM (P = .009), %ToFM (P = .02) and %TrFM (P = .02). Gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) and the Δ6-desaturase (D6D) activity index were each positively, linearly associated with ToFM, TrFM and %ToFM. The Δ5-desaturase (D5D) activity index was inversely associated with %TrFM (P = .04).
ALA, DPA, GLA and the D6D index at 1 year of age were positively associated with adiposity at age 16 years, while EPA and the D5D index were inversely associated with central adiposity. Our results related to EPA and desaturase indices are in agreement with limited prior studies.
多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）与肥胖的发展有关。n-3PUFA 似乎可以预防肥胖风险，而 n-6PUFA 可能与更大的肥胖有关。然而，大多数研究都是在成年人中进行的。PUFA 在婴儿期的作用尚不清楚。
研究 1 岁时血清 PUFA 与 16 岁时年龄和性别调整后的体重指数 Z 评分（BMIZ）变化以及 16 岁时身体成分的关系。
我们在 636 名智利婴儿中定量检测了血清 PUFA。我们在 1、5、10 和 16 岁时测量了 BMIZ，并在 16 岁时使用双能 X 射线吸收仪测量了身体成分。我们使用受限立方样条的多变量线性混合模型估计了 PUFA 四分位数组间 1 至 16 岁 BMIZ 变化的差异。在 16 岁时，我们使用线性回归估计了 PUFA 四分位数组间总脂肪量（ToFM）、躯干脂肪量（TrFM）、总瘦体重（TLM）、总脂肪百分比（%ToFM）和躯干脂肪百分比（%TrFM）的差异。
PUFA 与 BMIZ 变化无关。α-亚麻酸（ALA）与 16 岁时的 TrFM（P =.03）和%TrFM（P < .0001）呈正相关，而二十碳五烯酸（EPA）与%TrFM 呈负相关（P =.001）。二十二碳五烯酸（DPA）与 ToFM（P =.01）、TrFM（P =.009）、%ToFM（P =.02）和%TrFM（P =.02）呈正相关。γ-亚麻酸（GLA）和 Δ6-去饱和酶（D6D）活性指数与 ToFM、TrFM 和%ToFM 均呈正相关。Δ5-去饱和酶（D5D）活性指数与%TrFM 呈负相关（P =.04）。
1 岁时的 ALA、DPA、GLA 和 D6D 指数与 16 岁时的肥胖呈正相关，而 EPA 和 D5D 指数与中心性肥胖呈负相关。我们关于 EPA 和去饱和酶指数的结果与有限的先前研究一致。
