Departamento de Proteção Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Av. Universitária, 3780, CEP 18610-034, Botucatu, SP, Brasil.
Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brasil.
Braz J Biol. 2021 Mar-May;81(2):406-410. doi: 10.1590/1519-6984.228541.
The adaptation of native lepidopteran species to eucalyptus plantations reduces the productivity of this crop in Brazil. Oxydia vesulia Cramer (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) is a secondary pest, frequently reported in eucalyptus plantations with population outbreaks and economic damages. Methods of biological control of this pest may include the use of the exotic pupae endoparasitoid Tetrastichus howardi Olliff (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), reported as efficient to controlling lepidopteran pests. The parasitism of O. vesulia caterpillars and pupae by T. howardi was evaluated under controlled conditions (25 ± 1 ºC, 60 ± 20% humidity and 12:12 h L:D). Each O. vesulia caterpillar or pupae was individually placed in a flat-bottom tube with 10 and 15 females of T. howardi for 48h, respectively. The parasitoids were removed after that period, the caterpillars were fed and the pupae were maintained until emergence of the parasitoid or formation of pupae and emergence of adults of this pest. The fourth-instar caterpillars of O. vesulia, after the parasitism period, were kept in pots with Eucalyptus urophylla leaves, changed daily until the end of the experiment. A total of 40% of the caterpillars died before the pre-pupae stage, 40% reached the pupae stage and died due to inadequate adult formation and 20% generated moths, but none adult parasitoid emerged from the caterpillars. All pupae of O. vesulia were parasitized and showed emergence of parasitoids. The parasitism of O. vesulia caterpillars and pupae by T. howardi shows the potential of this natural enemy for the integrated management of this defoliator pest in eucalyptus plantations.
本土鳞翅目物种对桉树种植园的适应降低了巴西这种作物的生产力。Oxydia vesulia Cramer（鳞翅目：尺蛾科）是一种次要害虫，经常在桉树种植园中报道，种群爆发和经济损失。这种害虫的生物防治方法可能包括利用外来蛹寄生蜂 Tetrastichus howardi Olliff（膜翅目：长尾小蜂科），据报道对控制鳞翅目害虫有效。在控制条件下（25±1°C、60±20%湿度和 12:12 h L:D）评估了 O. vesulia 毛毛虫和蛹对 T. howardi 的寄生作用。将每只 O. vesulia 毛毛虫或蛹分别放入平底管中，每管有 10 只和 15 只 T. howardi 雌性寄生蜂，分别放置 48 小时。在此期间后取出寄生蜂，饲养毛毛虫，并将蛹维持至寄生蜂或该害虫的蛹和成虫出现。O. vesulia 的第四龄毛毛虫在寄生期后，用尾叶桉叶片保存在盆中，每天更换，直到实验结束。在预蛹期之前，有 40%的毛毛虫死亡，40%的毛毛虫达到蛹期并因成虫形成不足而死亡，20%的毛毛虫产生了飞蛾，但没有寄生蜂成虫从毛毛虫中出现。O. vesulia 的所有蛹都被寄生蜂寄生，并显示出寄生蜂的出现。T. howardi 对 O. vesulia 毛毛虫和蛹的寄生作用表明，这种天敌对桉树种植园中这种食叶害虫的综合管理具有潜力。
