Effects of polyphosphates and sodium chloride on heterocyclic amines in roasted beef patties as revealed by UPLC-MS/MS.

The effects of sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP), sodium pyrophosphate (PP), and NaCl at different ionic strengths on the formation of heterocyclic amines (HAs) were investigated in roasted beef patties. Six HAs (2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine [PhIP], 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline [MeIQx], 2-amino-3,4,8-trimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline [4,8-DiMeIQx], 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline [IQ], 1-methyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b] indole [harman], and 9H-pyrido[3,4-b] indole [norharman]) were identified and quantified. The presence of 0.3% and 0.45% PP significantly increased the formation of PhIP (P < 0.05). Different levels of TPP/PP had no effect on MeIQx, 4,8-DiMeIQx, IQ, norharman, or harman (P > 0.05), but these products increased in the presence of NaCl at three ionic strengths and NaCl + 0.3% and 0.45% TPP/PP (P < 0.05). High hardness and surface temperatures were observed after treatments with NaCl and NaCl + TPP/PP. The increase in these six HAs in beef patties with the addition of polyphosphates and NaCl did not involve changes in pH, but mainly stemmed from higher surface temperatures during roasting.