Molecular Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
Methods Mol Biol. 2020;2136:317-322. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0467-0_25.
While the Lancefield whole blood killing assay is named after the renowned streptococcal researcher Rebecca Lancefield, the protocol was first described by Todd in 1927 (Br J Exp Pathol 8:1-5, 1927). Initially, the assay was used to identify novel Group A Streptococcal (GAS) serotypes through the supplementation of non-immune human blood (often from infants) with type-specific antisera prepared in rabbits (Lancefield, J Exp Med 106:525-544, 1957; Maxted, Br J Exp Pathol 37:415-422, 1956) and to demonstrate the impressive longevity of type-specific immunity in patients following invasive GAS infection (Lancefield, J Exp Med 110:271-292, 1959). The modern assay is routinely used to screen defined GAS mutants (Wessels, Bronze, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91:12238-12242, 1994; Zinkernagel et al., Cell Host Microbe 4:170-178, 2008) or transposon libraries (Le Breton et al., Infect Immun 81:862-875, 2013) for enhanced susceptibility to opsonophagocytic killing or to screen vaccine antisera (Salehi et al., mSphere 3:e00617-e00618, 2018) or other serological preparations (Reglinski et al., Sci Rep 5:15825, 2015) for anti-streptococcal activity.
虽然 Lancefield 全血杀伤测定法是以著名的链球菌研究人员 Rebecca Lancefield 的名字命名的，但该方案最初是由 Todd 在 1927 年描述的（Br J Exp Pathol 8:1-5, 1927）。最初，该测定法用于通过用兔制备的针对特定类型的抗血清（通常来自婴儿）补充非免疫的人类血液（Lancefield，J Exp Med 106:525-544, 1957；Maxted，Br J Exp Pathol 37:415-422, 1956）来鉴定新型 A 组链球菌（GAS）血清型，并证明侵袭性 GAS 感染后患者针对特定类型的免疫具有令人印象深刻的持久性（Lancefield，J Exp Med 110:271-292, 1959）。现代测定法通常用于筛选特定的 GAS 突变体（Wessels，Bronze，Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91:12238-12242, 1994；Zinkernagel 等人，Cell Host Microbe 4:170-178, 2008）或转座子文库（Le Breton 等人，Infect Immun 81:862-875, 2013），以筛选对调理吞噬杀伤作用敏感的突变体，或筛选疫苗抗血清（Salehi 等人，mSphere 3:e00617-e00618, 2018）或其他血清学制剂（Reglinski 等人，Sci Rep 5:15825, 2015）的抗链球菌活性。
