Barr Jennifer J, Marugg Lindsey
The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
Linacre Q. 2019 May;86(2-3):225-230. doi: 10.1177/0024363919843019. Epub 2019 May 10.
Marriage has been associated with improved pregnancy outcomes. However, as Americans become increasingly accepting of pregnancy and childbearing outside of marriage, many believe the father can support the mother without the parents being married. Some question whether the present normalization of childbearing outside of marriage will negate the protective effect of marriage on pregnancy outcomes. Data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System were used to obtain data from a sample of 138,118 live singleton deliveries from 2012 to 2014. Odds ratios were compared between married and unmarried mothers for outcomes of preterm delivery, a small for gestational age infant, neonatal intensive care unit admission, vaginal delivery, and breastfeeding initiation. Logistic regression analyses were used to adjust for maternal age, maternal and paternal race, maternal medical comorbidities, maternal smoking status, and receipt of Medicaid. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) showed married women had a lower risk of preterm delivery (AOR = .877, 95% confidence interval [CI; .811-.948]), a small for gestational age baby (AOR = .838, 95% CI [.726-.967]), and a neonatal intensive care admission (AOR = .808, 95% CI [.754-.866]). Women who were married were more likely to have a vaginal delivery (AOR = 1.144, 95% CI [1.085-1.211]) and to initiate breastfeeding (AOR = 1.601, 95% CI [1.490-1.719]). These data demonstrate that despite a normalization in society of childbearing outside of marriage, there continues to be an association of marriage with improved birth outcomes. Marriage is associated with a lower risk of preterm delivery, small for gestational age infants, and neonatal intensive care unit admission. These differences persist even after correcting for potentially confounding socioeconomic factors.
婚姻与更好的妊娠结局相关。然而，随着美国人越来越能接受非婚怀孕和生育，许多人认为父亲可以在父母未婚的情况下支持母亲。一些人质疑当前非婚生育的常态化是否会消除婚姻对妊娠结局的保护作用。利用疾病控制和预防中心妊娠风险评估监测系统的数据，从2012年至2014年的138,118例单胎活产样本中获取数据。比较了已婚和未婚母亲在早产、小于胎龄儿、新生儿重症监护病房入院、阴道分娩和开始母乳喂养等结局方面的优势比。采用逻辑回归分析来调整产妇年龄、产妇和父亲的种族、产妇合并症、产妇吸烟状况以及医疗补助的领取情况。调整后的优势比（AOR）显示，已婚女性早产风险较低（AOR = 0.877，95%置信区间[CI；0.811 - 0.948]），小于胎龄儿风险较低（AOR = 0.838，95% CI [0.726 - 0.967]），新生儿重症监护病房入院风险较低（AOR = 0.808，95% CI [0.754 - 0.866]）。已婚女性更有可能进行阴道分娩（AOR = 1.144，95% CI [1.085 - 1.211]）并开始母乳喂养（AOR = 1.601，95% CI [1.490 - 1.719]）。这些数据表明，尽管社会上非婚生育已常态化，但婚姻与更好的出生结局之间仍然存在关联。婚姻与早产、小于胎龄儿以及新生儿重症监护病房入院风险较低相关。即使在纠正了潜在的混杂社会经济因素后，这些差异仍然存在。
