Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth and Environment, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium.
College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Cantho University, Cantho City, Vietnam.
Front Immunol. 2020 May 5;11:797. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00797. eCollection 2020.
Guava L (Pg) and bhumi amla Schum. et Thonn (Pa) are well-known plants in traditional medicine. However, the capacity of these plants for improving the immune system of aquatic species has received less attention so far. This study aimed to investigate the effects of single supply or mixture of Pg and Pa extracts on immune responses, disease resistance and liver proteome profiles in striped catfish . Fish were fed diets including basal diet 0% or one of three doses of each plant extract, either alone or in mixture, 0.08, 0.2, or 0.5% Pg, Pa or mixture (Pg:Pa, v/v) for 6 weeks. The immune parameters (respiratory burst activity (RBA); nitric oxide synthase (NOS), total immunoglobulin, lysozyme, and complement activities) were examined at W3, W6 post-feeding, and after challenge test. The growth parameters and the challenge test with were done at W6. The liver proteome profiles were analyzed in W6 at 0.08 and 0.5% of each extract. The results showed that extract-based diets significantly improved growth parameters in the Pg0.2 group compared to control. The cellular immune responses in spleen and the humoral immune responses in plasma were significantly improved in a dose and time-dependent manner. Diets supplemented with single Pg and Pa extracts, and to lesser extent to combined extracts, could significantly decrease the mortality of striped catfish following bacterial infection compared to control. The proteomic results indicated that some pathways related to immune responses, antioxidant and lipid metabolism were enriched in liver at W6. Several proteins (i.e., CD8B, HSP90AA1, HSP90AB1, PDIA3, CASP8, TUBA1C, CCKAR, GNAS, GRIN2D, PLCG1, PRKCA, SLC25A5, VDAC2, ACTN4, GNAI2, LCK, CARD9, NLRP12, and NLRP3) were synergistically upregulated in mixture of Pg and Pa-based diets compared to control and single dietary treatments. Taken together, the results revealed that single Pg and Pa extracts at 0.2 and 0.5% and their mixture at 0.08 and 0.5% have the potential to modulate the immune mechanisms and disease resistance of striped catfish. Moreover, the combination of Pg and Pa in diets suggested positive synergistic effects liver proteome profile related to immune system processes.
番石榴 L（Pg）和土牛膝 Schum。et Thonn（Pa）是传统医学中众所周知的植物。然而，这些植物提高水生物种免疫系统的能力迄今为止受到的关注较少。本研究旨在调查单一供应或混合 Pg 和 Pa 提取物对条纹鲶鱼的免疫反应、抗病能力和肝蛋白质组谱的影响。鱼被喂食包括基础饲料 0%或三种植物提取物中的一种的饲料，单独或混合，0.08、0.2 或 0.5%的 Pg、Pa 或混合物（Pg：Pa，v/v），6 周。在 W3 和 W6 后喂食后和挑战测试后检查免疫参数（呼吸爆发活性（RBA）；一氧化氮合酶（NOS）、总免疫球蛋白、溶菌酶和补体活性）。在 W6 时进行生长参数和挑战试验。在 W6 时分析 0.08 和 0.5%的每种提取物的肝蛋白质组谱。结果表明，与对照组相比，基于提取物的饮食可显著提高 Pg0.2 组的生长参数。脾细胞免疫反应和血浆体液免疫反应均呈剂量和时间依赖性显著改善。与对照组相比，单独补充 Pg 和 Pa 提取物，以及在较小程度上补充混合提取物，可显著降低条纹鲶鱼在细菌感染后的死亡率。蛋白质组学结果表明，一些与免疫反应、抗氧化和脂质代谢相关的途径在 W6 时在肝脏中富集。与对照组和单一饮食处理相比，混合物中几种蛋白质（即 CD8B、HSP90AA1、HSP90AB1、PDIA3、CASP8、TUBA1C、CCKAR、GNAS、GRIN2D、PLCγ1、PRKCA、SLC25A5、VDAC2、ACTN4、GNAI2、LCK、CARD9、NLRP12 和 NLRP3）协同上调。综上所述，结果表明，0.2 和 0.5%的单一 Pg 和 Pa 提取物及其 0.08 和 0.5%的混合物具有调节条纹鲶鱼免疫机制和抗病能力的潜力。此外，日粮中 Pg 和 Pa 的组合提示与免疫系统过程相关的肝蛋白质组谱的积极协同效应。
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