University of Groningen (The Netherlands).
Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute (The Netherlands).
Span J Psychol. 2020 May 21;23:e9. doi: 10.1017/SJP.2020.1.
The present study investigated the structure of the Spanish version of the Iowa-Netherlands Comparison Orientation Measure (INCOM-E), an 11-item measure that assesses individual differences in social comparison orientation (SCO), i.e., the extent to which people compare themselves with others. Data came from samples from Spain (n = 1,133) and Chile (n = 2,757). Confirmatory Factor Analyses and Mokken Scale Analyses supported in both samples not the assumed two-factor structure, but a single factor structure, consisting of eight items. The resulting eight-item version of the INCOM-E was reliable in both samples, according the Gutmann's lambda-2 (.82 in Spain and .83 in Chile), and correlated very strongly with the full-length INCOM-E (.93 in Spain and .97 in Chile). In both samples, there were significant sex differences, ps < .001 with small effect sizes, ƞ2 in both samples = .01,but in the Spanish sample women scored higher, and in the Chilean sample men scored higher in SCO. The relationship with age was negative and significant (ps < .001) in both samples, albeit small (r = .22 in Spain and .13 in Chile) Based on the present research, it is advised to use the shortened eight-item version of the INCOM-E in Spanish speaking countries.
本研究调查了西班牙版爱荷华-荷兰比较取向量表（INCOM-E）的结构，该量表由 11 个项目组成，用于评估社会比较取向（SCO）的个体差异，即人们与他人比较的程度。数据来自西班牙（n=1133）和智利（n=2757）的样本。验证性因子分析和莫肯量表分析都支持这两个样本不是假设的两因素结构，而是单因素结构，由 8 个项目组成。在这两个样本中，INCOM-E 的八分量表都具有可靠性，Gutmann 的 λ-2 值分别为.82（西班牙）和.83（智利），与全长 INCOM-E 高度相关（西班牙为.93，智利为.97）。在这两个样本中，都存在显著的性别差异，p 值均<.001，效应量较小，在两个样本中ƞ2均为.01，但在西班牙样本中女性的 SCO 得分较高，而在智利样本中男性的 SCO 得分较高。在这两个样本中，与年龄的关系都是负向且显著的（p 值均<.001），尽管较小（西班牙为 r=.22，智利为 r=.13）。基于本研究，建议在西班牙语国家使用缩短的 INCOM-E 八分量表。
