Cherry Rose L, Adair Henry S, Chen Thomas, Hendrix Diane V H, Ward Daniel A
Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.
Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.
Vet Ophthalmol. 2020 Jul;23(4):690-695. doi: 10.1111/vop.12778. Epub 2020 May 21.
Spontaneous eyeblink rate (SEBR) is inversely proportional to the level of attentional focus in humans. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of attentional focus on SEBR in horses.
Twenty client-owned horses (2.5-23 years of age, five mares, 15 geldings) were evaluated. A GoPro HERO5 Session™ video recorder was attached to the halter and directed toward the eyes. Horses were acclimated for two hours before study commencement. Horses were filmed in five scenarios requiring different levels of attention: alone in a stall ("stall"), stall with an observer ("person"), standing in an arena ("stand"), walking in an arena ("walk"), and trotting in arena ("trot"). Each of the five scenarios was filmed for ten minutes. Video recordings were reviewed, and SEBR (incomplete, complete, and total blinks) was measured for both eyes in each scenario.
The median (25%,75%) total SEBRs (blinks/min) were as follows: STALL: OD-16.6 (12.4, 24.3), OS-18.8 (11.5, 26.9); PERSON: OD-17.7 (14.6, 24.2), OS-17.4 (13.9, 24.4); STAND: OD-18.7 (15.1, 24.4), OS-19.4 (16.2, 24.7); WALK: OD-40.1 (34.1, 44.8), OS-40.6 (33.8, 44.7); and TROT: OD-39.7 (30.3, 44.6), OS-39.4 (28.6, 45.0). The total SEBRs at walk and trot were significantly greater than SEBR in stationary scenarios.
Despite requiring increased levels of attentional focus, activities involving motion caused increased SEBR in horses. We hypothesize the need for additional tear distribution due to tear evaporation (associated with air movement over the corneas) prevailed over the level of attentional focus to increase the SEBR.
在人类中，自发眨眼率（SEBR）与注意力集中程度成反比。本研究的目的是评估注意力集中对马的SEBR的影响。
对20匹客户拥有的马（2.5至23岁，5匹母马，15匹阉马）进行评估。将一台GoPro HERO5 Session™ 录像机系在马笼头上并对准眼睛。在研究开始前，让马适应两小时。在五种需要不同注意力水平的场景中拍摄马：单独在马厩里（“马厩”）、马厩里有观察者（“人”）、站在竞技场内（“站立”）、在竞技场内行走（“行走”）和在竞技场内小跑（“小跑”）。每个场景拍摄10分钟。查看视频记录，并测量每个场景中两只眼睛的SEBR（不完全眨眼、完全眨眼和总眨眼次数）。
总SEBR（眨眼/分钟）的中位数（25%，75%）如下：马厩：右眼-16.6（12.4，24.3），左眼-18.8（11.5，26.9）；有人：右眼-17.7（14.6，24.2），左眼-17.4（13.9，24.4）；站立：右眼-18.7（15.1，24.4），左眼-19.4（16.2，24.7）；行走：右眼-40.1（34.1，44.8），左眼-40.6（33.8，44.7）；小跑：右眼-39.7（30.3，44.6），左眼-39.4（28.6，45.0）。行走和小跑时的总SEBR显著高于静止场景中的SEBR。
尽管需要更高水平的注意力集中，但涉及运动的活动会使马的SEBR增加。我们推测，由于眼泪蒸发（与角膜上的空气流动有关）导致需要额外的眼泪分布，这超过了注意力集中程度，从而增加了SEBR。
