Shaper A G, Wannamethee G, Whincup P
Department of Clinical Epidemiology and General Practice, Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, London, UK.
J Hum Hypertens. 1988 Aug;2(2):71-8.
The relationships between alcohol intake and blood pressure have been examined in 7,735 middle-aged men drawn at random from general practices in 24 British towns. Both mean systolic and diastolic BP are increased in moderate (16-42 drinks/week) and heavy (greater than 42 drinks/week) drinkers. The alcohol-blood pressure relationship is independent of age, body mass index and social class despite their associations with both alcohol intake and BP. The prevalence of hypertension (systolic greater than or equal to 160 mmHg or diastolic greater than or equal to 90 mmHg) is increased in both moderate and heavy drinkers. Non-drinkers have higher rates of diastolic hypertension than occasional or light drinkers, probably due to changes in drinking habits made by those diagnosed as hypertensives. Furthermore, recall of doctor diagnosis of hypertension and of anti-hypertensive treatment is highest among non-drinkers. It is estimated that about 10% of hypertension (systolic or diastolic) can be attributed to moderate or heavy drinking. There is a clear need for increased awareness of the alcohol-blood pressure relationship. Current drinking status should be determined in all hypertensive subjects, and assessment of alcohol effect by temporary withdrawal should be the first step in the management of anyone with sustained hypertension who drinks.
对从英国24个城镇的普通医疗中随机抽取的7735名中年男性，研究了酒精摄入量与血压之间的关系。中度饮酒者（每周饮酒16 - 42杯）和重度饮酒者（每周饮酒超过42杯）的平均收缩压和舒张压均升高。尽管年龄、体重指数和社会阶层与酒精摄入量和血压均有关联，但酒精与血压的关系独立于这些因素。中度和重度饮酒者中高血压（收缩压大于或等于160 mmHg或舒张压大于或等于90 mmHg）的患病率均升高。不饮酒者的舒张期高血压发生率高于偶尔饮酒者或轻度饮酒者，这可能是由于被诊断为高血压的人饮酒习惯发生了改变。此外，不饮酒者对医生诊断高血压和接受抗高血压治疗的回忆率最高。据估计，约10%的高血压（收缩期或舒张期）可归因于中度或重度饮酒。显然需要提高对酒精与血压关系的认识。应确定所有高血压患者的当前饮酒状况，对于任何患有持续性高血压且饮酒的人，通过暂时戒酒来评估酒精影响应是管理的第一步。
