Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH.
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Florida-Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL.
Semin Diagn Pathol. 2020 Jul;37(4):174-178. doi: 10.1053/j.semdp.2020.04.008. Epub 2020 May 13.
Germ cell tumors in the mediastinum are rare and often occur in young patients but may occur in older patients. Seminoma, embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac tumor, choriocarcinoma and teratoma have distinct morphologic features with high grade nuclei. They are the primary diagnostic consideration in young males but may be lower on the list in older patients, where they may be misdiagnosed as carcinomas. Review of the history, use of immunohistochemistry stains and recognition of morphologic features will help to make the diagnosis of germ cell tumor of the mediastinum. These tumors have a good to intermediate prognosis, depending on when they are detected.
纵隔生殖细胞肿瘤罕见，常发生于青年患者，但也可发生于老年患者。精原细胞瘤、胚胎癌、卵黄囊瘤、绒毛膜癌和畸胎瘤具有明显的形态学特征，核分级高。它们是青年男性的主要诊断考虑因素，但在老年患者中可能排在较低的位置，在这些患者中，这些肿瘤可能被误诊为癌。回顾病史、使用免疫组织化学染色和识别形态学特征有助于诊断纵隔生殖细胞肿瘤。这些肿瘤的预后良好至中等，取决于何时被发现。
