Ruiz Cantero María Teresa
Grupo de Investigación de Salud Pública, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, España; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), España.
Gac Sanit. 2021 Jan-Feb;35(1):95-98. doi: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2020.04.008. Epub 2020 May 4.
Reports on COVID-19 from the Spanish Health Ministry are valuable, but incomplete, with the perverse effect that the susceptibility to COVID-19 by sex is unclear. Prevalence of COVID-19 by sexes differs between countries. The trend in Spain shows an unequal pattern, initially more frequent in men, but women outnumbered them from March 31, after two weeks lockdown. Infections are more frequent in women than in men in close contact with probable/confirmed COVID-19 cases. Consistent with deaths in men, they are hospitalized more frequently than women: Significant gender differences in signs/symptoms can drive this pattern, already observed in other pathologies. In late April, excess mortality is the same in women (67%) than in men (66%). But, lack of exhaustive information on deaths from COVID-19 in non-hospitalized patients may contribute to lower notification of deaths in women. Invisibility of data by sex and gender is probably affecting negatively women with COVID -19 more than men.
西班牙卫生部发布的关于新冠肺炎的报告很有价值，但并不完整，其不良影响是，新冠肺炎的性别易感性尚不清楚。各国新冠肺炎的性别患病率有所不同。西班牙的趋势呈现出不平等模式，最初男性更为常见，但在封锁两周后的3月31日之后，女性人数超过了男性。在与疑似/确诊新冠肺炎病例密切接触的人群中，女性感染比男性更为频繁。与男性死亡情况一致，男性住院频率高于女性：体征/症状方面显著的性别差异可能导致了这种模式，在其他病症中也已观察到这一点。4月下旬，女性（67%）和男性（66%）的超额死亡率相同。但是，缺乏关于非住院患者新冠肺炎死亡的详尽信息可能导致女性死亡报告率较低。按性别分类的数据缺失可能对感染新冠肺炎的女性产生比男性更负面的影响。
