Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC; Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.
Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 2020 Jun;41(3):319-331. doi: 10.1053/j.sult.2020.02.006. Epub 2020 Mar 10.
Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a rare and chronic disabling autoimmune astrocytopathy of the central nervous system. Current advances regarding aquaporin-4 antibody function facilitate the understanding of clinical manifestations and imaging findings beyond optic neuritis and transverse myelitis. The current definition of NMO spectrum disorder (NMOSD) includes both aquaporin-4-IgG seropositive and seronegative patients who present with characteristic findings. This review will briefly summarize the pathophysiology and the latest NMOSD diagnostic criteria and focus on the NMOSD imaging findings and its differential diagnosis.
视神经脊髓炎（NMO）是一种罕见的慢性中枢神经系统自身免疫性星形胶质病。水通道蛋白-4 抗体功能的最新进展有助于理解视神经炎和横贯性脊髓炎以外的临床表现和影像学发现。目前的 NMOSD 谱障碍（NMOSD）定义包括水通道蛋白-4-IgG 阳性和阴性患者，他们具有特征性表现。这篇综述将简要总结 NMOSD 的病理生理学和最新的 NMOSD 诊断标准，并重点介绍 NMOSD 的影像学表现及其鉴别诊断。
