Dean B, Krenzelok E P
Pittsburgh Poison Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA.
Vet Hum Toxicol. 1988 Dec;30(6):579-81.
The fact that intentional drug and toxic substance use/abuse by adolescents has dramatically increased during the past 2 decades often overshadows the knowledge that adolescents also suffer accidental poisonings as well. A 1-year retrospective analysis of 1,879 poison exposures involving children 13 to 17 years of age revealed 894 (47.6%) were due to accidental circumstances and 945 (50.2%) were intentional in nature. Nonpharmaceuticals were involved in 63.5% of all accidental adolescent poisonings versus 36.5% involving various drugs. Intentional nonpharmaceutical exposures were 17.5% compared to total intentional adolescent poisonings, while 82.5% involved drugs. Site of exposure was the child's own home in 1,252 (66.7%) cases, school in 201 (10.8%), the workplace in 35 (1.9%), and other/unknown sites accounted for 387 (20.6%) poisonings. Poisoning by ingestion accounted for 1,408 (74.9%) of the adolescent exposures, inhalations 147 (7.8%), ocular 219 (11.5%), and dermal 110 (5.8%). Management at the nearest health care facility (HCF) was necessary in 1,252 (66.6%) of the poisonings versus 627 (33.4%) who were treated in non-HCF environments. Regional poison centers must be cognizant that accidental as well as intentional poisoning can occur with adolescents. Distinct viable prevention strategies should be developed to address these problems.
在过去20年中，青少年故意使用药物和有毒物质/滥用药物的情况急剧增加，这一事实常常掩盖了青少年也会遭受意外中毒的情况。一项对1879例涉及13至17岁儿童的中毒暴露进行的为期1年的回顾性分析显示，894例（47.6%）是意外情况导致的，945例（50.2%）本质上是故意的。在所有青少年意外中毒事件中，非药物类占63.5%，而涉及各类药物的占36.5%。故意非药物暴露占青少年故意中毒总数的17.5%，而82.5%涉及药物。暴露地点在儿童自己家中的有1252例（66.7%），在学校的有201例（10.8%），在工作场所的有35例（1.9%），其他/不明地点的中毒事件有387例（20.6%）。青少年中毒事件中，经口摄入中毒占1408例（74.9%），吸入中毒147例（7.8%），眼部中毒219例（11.5%），皮肤中毒110例（5.8%）。1252例（66.6%）中毒事件需要在最近的医疗保健机构（HCF）进行处理，而627例（33.4%）在非HCF环境中接受治疗。区域中毒控制中心必须认识到青少年可能发生意外中毒和故意中毒情况。应制定不同的可行预防策略来解决这些问题。
