酒精相关家庭逆境、青少年期酒精使用与成年早期心理状态识别之间的关系。
Relationship Between Alcohol-related Family Adversity, Alcohol Use Across Adolescence, and Mental States Recognition in Young Adulthood.
机构信息
Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (MK, AJ, MW); Department of Psychology, Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami, FL (EMT); Department of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (HS); Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (HS); Department of Psychiatry, Addiction Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (EMT, MW, RAZ); National Information Processing Institute, Laboratory of Interactive Technologies, Warsaw, Poland (PK).
出版信息
J Addict Med. 2020 Sep/Oct;14(5):e247-e256. doi: 10.1097/ADM.0000000000000659.
OBJECTIVES
Although a theoretical link between childhood adversity and mental states recognition has been established, empirical findings are mixed. Some prior work indicates that childhood adversity might enhance, preserve, or reduce mentalization skills in selected at-risk populations. In the current study, we examine whether the presence of risky alcohol use during adolescence moderates the association between childhood alcohol-related family adversity and mental states recognition in young adulthood.
METHODS
Secondary data analysis was conducted on 266 young adults who participated in the Michigan Longitudinal Study-a multiwave prospective study on at-risk youth. Children were assessed after initial recruitment (wave 1, target child age range 3-5 years), with assessments repeated every 3 years using parallel measures. The current study focuses on data spanning wave 2 (age range 7-9 years) through wave 6 (target child age range 18-21 years). A family adversity index was derived reflecting exposure to a maladaptive family environment during childhood as assessed at wave 1. An alcohol use risk factor was established reflecting early problem alcohol use during adolescence (target child age range 12-17 years). Mental states recognition was measured with a computerized version of the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Task (RMET) at wave 6. Information about demographics, psychopathological symptoms, and IQ was obtained. The alcohol use risk factor was tested as a potential moderator of the association between childhood family adversity on RMET performance during young adulthood.
RESULTS
Alcohol use risk moderated the relationship between childhood alcohol-related family adversity, and negative and neutral mental states recognition. Specifically, childhood family adversity was positively associated with neutral mental states recognition among participants high in alcohol risk (P = 0.03) and positively associated with negative mental states recognition among participants at average (P = 0.02) and high (P = 0.002) levels of alcohol risk.
CONCLUSIONS
Findings indicate that history of childhood adversity may actually improve young adult negative and neutral mental states recognition among those demonstrating high levels of risky alcohol use, as substance use may serve as an external self-regulatory tool. Clinical interventions that target enhancing metacognitive competence and emotion regulation could ultimately help to break the cycle of alcohol-related family adversity.
目的
尽管已经确立了儿童逆境与心理状态识别之间的理论联系，但实证研究结果却参差不齐。一些先前的研究表明，儿童逆境可能会增强、保持或降低某些高危人群的心理化技能。在本研究中，我们研究了青少年时期危险饮酒的存在是否会调节童年期与酒精相关的家庭逆境与成年早期心理状态识别之间的关系。
方法
对 266 名参加密歇根纵向研究的年轻人进行了二次数据分析——这是一项针对高危青年的多波前瞻性研究。在最初招募后（第 1 波，目标儿童年龄范围为 3-5 岁）对儿童进行评估，然后每 3 年使用平行措施重复评估。本研究重点关注跨越第 2 波（年龄范围为 7-9 岁）至第 6 波（目标儿童年龄范围为 18-21 岁）的数据。根据第 1 波评估的儿童期暴露于适应不良家庭环境的情况，得出了家庭逆境指数。根据青少年时期早期出现的问题饮酒行为（目标儿童年龄范围为 12-17 岁）建立了饮酒风险因素。使用计算机版的“读心术任务”（RMET）在第 6 波测量心理状态识别。获得了有关人口统计学、精神病理学症状和智商的信息。测试了饮酒风险因素作为儿童期家庭逆境对成年早期 RMET 表现的关联的潜在调节因素。
结果
饮酒风险调节了童年期与酒精相关的家庭逆境与消极和中性心理状态识别之间的关系。具体而言，在酒精风险高的参与者中，童年期家庭逆境与中性心理状态识别呈正相关（P=0.03），而在酒精风险平均（P=0.02）和高（P=0.002）水平的参与者中，童年期家庭逆境与消极心理状态识别呈正相关。
结论
研究结果表明，在表现出高风险饮酒行为的个体中，童年逆境的历史实际上可能会提高其对消极和中性心理状态的识别，因为物质使用可能是一种外部自我调节工具。针对增强元认知能力和情绪调节的临床干预措施最终可能有助于打破与酒精相关的家庭逆境循环。
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