Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo km2.2, E-28029 Madrid, Spain.
Fundación Andrés Marcio, niños contra la laminopatía, C/Núñez de Balboa, 11, E-28001 Madrid, Spain.
Cells. 2020 May 21;9(5):1286. doi: 10.3390/cells9051286.
Laminopathies are causally associated with mutations on the Lamin A/C gene (). To date, more than 400 mutations in have been reported in patients. These mutations are widely distributed throughout the entire gene and are associated with a wide range of phenotypes. Unfortunately, little is known about the mechanisms underlying the effect of the majority of these mutations. This is the case of more than 40 mutations that are located at exon 4. Using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, we generated a collection of exon 4 mutants in mouse C2C12 myoblasts. These cell models included different types of exon 4 deletions and the presence of R249W mutation, one of the human variants associated with a severe type of laminopathy, -associated congenital muscular dystrophy (L-CMD). We characterized these clones by measuring their nuclear circularity, myogenic differentiation capacity in 2D and 3D conditions, DNA damage, and levels of p-ERK and p-AKT (phosphorylated Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/3 and AKT serine/threonine kinase 1). Our results indicated that exon 4 mutants showed abnormal nuclear morphology. In addition, levels and/or subcellular localization of different members of the lamin and LINC (LInker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton) complex were altered in all these mutants. Whereas no significant differences were observed for ERK and AKT activities, the accumulation of DNA damage was associated to the p.R249W mutant myoblasts. Finally, significant myogenic differentiation defects were detected in the exon 4 mutants. These results have key implications in the development of future therapeutic strategies for the treatment of laminopathies.
层粘连蛋白病与 Lamin A/C 基因突变有关()。迄今为止,已有超过 400 种突变在患者中被报道。这些突变广泛分布于整个基因,与多种表型相关。不幸的是,对于这些突变中的大多数的作用机制知之甚少。这种情况发生在超过 40 种位于外显子 4 的突变中。使用 CRISPR/Cas9 技术,我们在小鼠 C2C12 成肌细胞中生成了一组外显子 4 突变体。这些细胞模型包括不同类型的外显子 4 缺失和 R249W 突变的存在,R249W 突变是与一种严重的层粘连蛋白病相关的人类变体之一,即 - 相关先天性肌营养不良症(L-CMD)。我们通过测量细胞核的圆形度、二维和三维条件下的成肌分化能力、DNA 损伤以及 p-ERK 和 p-AKT(磷酸化丝裂原激活蛋白激酶 1/3 和 AKT 丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶 1)的水平来对这些克隆进行了表征。我们的结果表明,外显子 4 突变体显示出异常的核形态。此外,所有这些突变体中不同的核层和 LINC(核骨架和细胞骨架的连接物)复合物成员的水平和/或亚细胞定位都发生了改变。虽然 ERK 和 AKT 活性没有观察到显著差异,但 DNA 损伤的积累与 p.R249W 突变的成肌细胞有关。最后,在外显子 4 突变体中检测到明显的成肌分化缺陷。这些结果对于未来治疗层粘连蛋白病的治疗策略的发展具有重要意义。