University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC.
Menzies Health Institute of Queensland, Griffith University Gold Coast, QLD.
Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2021 Aug;15(4):504-517. doi: 10.1017/dmp.2020.61. Epub 2020 May 27.
Firefighting service is known to involve high rates of exposure to potentially traumatic situations, and research on mental health in firefighting populations is of critical importance in understanding the impact of occupational exposure. To date, the literature concerning prevalence of trauma-related mental disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has not distinguished between symptomology associated routine duty-related exposure and exposure to large-scale disaster. The present systematic review synthesizes a heterogeneous cross-national literature on large-scale disaster exposure in firefighters and provides support for the hypothesis that the prevalence of PTSD, major depressive disorder, and anxiety disorders are elevated in firefighters compared with rates observed in the general population. In addition, we conducted narrative synthesis concerning several commonly assessed predictive factors for disorder and found that sociodemographic factors appear to bear a weak relationship to mental disorder, while incident-related factors, such as severity and duration of disaster exposure, bear a stronger and more consistent relationship to the development of PTSD and depression in cross-national samples. Future work should expand on these preliminary findings to better understand the impact of disaster exposure in firefighting personnel.
消防服务涉及到高比例的潜在创伤性情况，因此研究消防人群的心理健康对于理解职业暴露的影响至关重要。迄今为止，关于创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）等与创伤相关的精神障碍的患病率的文献并没有将与常规职责相关的暴露和大规模灾难相关的暴露区分开来。本系统综述综合了关于消防员大规模灾难暴露的异质跨国文献，并为以下假设提供了支持：与一般人群观察到的比率相比，PTSD、重度抑郁症和焦虑症在消防员中的患病率更高。此外，我们就几个常用于评估障碍的常见预测因素进行了叙述性综合分析，发现社会人口因素似乎与精神障碍的关系较弱，而与事件相关的因素，如灾难暴露的严重程度和持续时间，与 PTSD 和抑郁在跨国样本中的发展关系更密切、更一致。未来的工作应该扩展这些初步发现，以更好地了解灾难暴露对消防人员的影响。
