Tukker John J, Beed Prateep, Schmitz Dietmar, Larkum Matthew E, Sachdev Robert N S
Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
Neuroscience Research Center, Berlin, Germany.
Front Syst Neurosci. 2020 May 8;14:22. doi: 10.3389/fnsys.2020.00022. eCollection 2020.
In the course of a day, brain states fluctuate, from conscious awake information-acquiring states to sleep states, during which previously acquired information is further processed and stored as memories. One hypothesis is that memories are consolidated and stored during "offline" states such as sleep, a process thought to involve transfer of information from the hippocampus to other cortical areas. Up and Down states (UDS), patterns of activity that occur under anesthesia and sleep states, are likely to play a role in this process, although the nature of this role remains unclear. Here we review what is currently known about these mechanisms in three anatomically distinct but interconnected cortical areas: somatosensory cortex, entorhinal cortex, and the hippocampus. In doing so, we consider the role of this activity in the coordination of "replay" during sleep states, particularly during hippocampal sharp-wave ripples. We conclude that understanding the generation and propagation of UDS may provide key insights into the cortico-hippocampal dialogue linking archi- and neocortical areas during memory formation.
在一天当中，大脑状态会发生波动，从有意识的清醒信息获取状态到睡眠状态，在此期间，先前获取的信息会进一步被处理并作为记忆存储起来。一种假说认为，记忆在诸如睡眠这样的“离线”状态下得到巩固和存储，这一过程被认为涉及信息从海马体转移到其他皮质区域。上-下状态（UDS），即在麻醉和睡眠状态下出现的活动模式，很可能在这一过程中发挥作用，尽管这一作用的本质仍不清楚。在此，我们综述了目前在三个解剖结构不同但相互连接的皮质区域中关于这些机制的已知情况：躯体感觉皮质、内嗅皮质和海马体。在此过程中，我们考虑了这种活动在睡眠状态下，特别是在海马体尖波涟漪期间“重演”协调中的作用。我们得出结论，理解UDS的产生和传播可能为深入了解记忆形成过程中连接古皮质和新皮质区域的皮质-海马体对话提供关键见解。
