Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, K201 Kresge Bldg, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada.
Department of Criminology, Wilfrid Laurier University, GRH135, Grand River Hall, Brantford, ON, N3T 2Y3, Canada.
Can J Public Health. 2020 Jun;111(3):371-382. doi: 10.17269/s41997-020-00325-2. Epub 2020 May 28.
Visible minorities are a group categorized in health research to identify and track inequalities, or to study the impact of racialization. We compared classifications obtained from a commonly used measure (Statistics Canada standard) with those obtained by two direct questions-whether one is a member of a visible minority group and whether one is perceived or treated as a person of colour.
A mixed-methods analysis was conducted using data from an English-language online survey (n = 311) and cognitive interviews with a maximum diversity subsample (n = 79). Participants were Canadian residents age 14 and older.
Agreement between the single visible minority item and the standard was good (Cohen's Κ = 0.725; 95% CI = 0.629, 0.820). However, participants understood "visible minority" in different and often literal ways, sometimes including those living with visible disabilities or who were visibly transgender or poor. Agreement between the single person of colour item and the standard was very good (Κ = 0.830; 95% CI = 0.747, 0.913). "Person of colour" was more clearly understood to reflect ethnoracial background and may better capture the group likely to be targeted for racism than the Statistics Canada standard. When Indigenous participants who reported being persons of colour were reclassified to reflect the government definition of visible minority as non-Indigenous, this measure had strong agreement with the current federal standard measure (K = 0.851; 95% CI = 0.772, 0.930).
A single question on perception or treatment as a person of colour appears to well identify racialized persons and may alternately be recoded to approximate government classification of visible minorities.
少数族裔是健康研究中用来识别和跟踪不平等现象，或研究种族化影响的一个群体。我们比较了一种常用衡量标准（加拿大统计局标准）得出的分类结果与两个直接问题得出的分类结果——一个人是否属于少数族裔群体，以及一个人是否被视为有色人种或被视为有色人种。
使用英语在线调查（n=311）的数据和最大多样性子样本（n=79）的认知访谈进行混合方法分析。参与者为 14 岁及以上的加拿大居民。
单一少数族裔项目与标准之间的一致性很好（Cohen's Κ=0.725；95%CI=0.629,0.820）。然而，参与者对“少数族裔”的理解不同，而且往往是字面意思，有时包括那些有明显残疾、明显跨性别或贫困的人。单一“有色人种”项目与标准之间的一致性非常好（Κ=0.830；95%CI=0.747,0.913）。“有色人种”更清楚地被理解为反映种族背景，可能比加拿大统计局标准更能捕捉到可能成为种族主义目标的群体。当报告为有色人种的土著参与者被重新分类为非土著的加拿大统计局标准下的少数族裔时，这一衡量标准与现行联邦标准衡量标准具有很强的一致性（K=0.851；95%CI=0.772,0.930）。
关于被视为有色人种的看法或待遇的单一问题似乎可以很好地识别种族化的人，并且可以替代地重新编码以近似政府对少数族裔的分类。
