Nature Coast Biological Station, University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, 552 1st Street, Cedar Key, FL 32625, United States of America.
Department of Biology and The National Center for Integrated Coastal Research, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, United States of America.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2020 Jun;155:111098. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111098. Epub 2020 May 11.
The 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DwH) oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico discharged ~3.19 million barrels of oil into Gulf waters, making it one of the largest marine disasters in history in terms of volume. We report on the results of a study to assess oil impacts to coastal fishes and invertebrates. Using two-decades of fisheries-independent data in coastal Alabama and Mississippi, we document variability following both natural and anthropogenic disturbances from two periods pre-DwH (1997-2001 and 2007-2009), one intra-spill period for acute DwH effects (2010-2012) and one period post-spill for chronic, longer-term impacts (2014-2017). Results indicated significant changes to community structure, relative abundance, and diversity in the intra-spill period. Causation for changes is confounded by variables such as behavioral emigration, altered freshwater inflow, death of consumers, and the mandated fishery closure. Results highlight the need for long-term, comprehensive monitoring/observing systems to provide adequate background for assessing future disturbances.
2010 年墨西哥湾深水地平线（DwH）石油泄漏事件向墨西哥湾水域排放了约 319 万桶石油，就排放量而言，这是历史上最大的海洋灾难之一。我们报告了一项评估石油对沿海鱼类和无脊椎动物影响的研究结果。利用阿拉巴马州和密西西比州沿海地区 20 多年的渔业独立数据，我们记录了两次自然和人为干扰后的变化，一次是 DwH 之前的（1997-2001 年和 2007-2009 年），一次是 DwH 期间的急性影响（2010-2012 年），一次是 DwH 之后的慢性、长期影响（2014-2017 年）。结果表明，在 DwH 期间，群落结构、相对丰度和多样性发生了显著变化。变化的原因受到行为移民、淡水流入变化、消费者死亡和强制渔业关闭等变量的影响。结果强调了需要长期、全面的监测/观测系统，为评估未来的干扰提供充足的背景。
