Center for Infectious Diseases Epidemiology and Research, School of Public Health an Family Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa.
Empilweni Services and Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
PLoS One. 2020 May 29;15(5):e0233693. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233693. eCollection 2020.
Efavirenz-based first-line regimens have been widely used for children ≥3 years of age starting antiretroviral therapy, despite possible resistance with prior exposure to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors for prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT). We used logistic regression to examine the association between PMTCT exposure and viral failure (VF) defined as two consecutive viral loads (VL)>1000 copies/ml between 6-18 months on ART. Children with previous nevirapine exposure for PMTCT were not at higher risk of VF compared to unexposed children (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR): 0.79; 95% CI:0.56, 1.11).
基于依非韦伦的一线方案已被广泛用于开始抗逆转录病毒治疗的≥3 岁儿童，尽管先前接触过非核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂预防母婴传播（PMTCT）可能会产生耐药性。我们使用逻辑回归分析了 PMTCT 暴露与病毒失败（VF）之间的关联，VF 定义为在 ART 治疗 6-18 个月期间两次连续病毒载量（VL）>1000 拷贝/ml。与未暴露儿童相比，先前因 PMTCT 而使用奈韦拉平的儿童 VF 风险没有更高（调整后的优势比[aOR]：0.79；95%CI：0.56，1.11）。
