Department of Oncology, National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), University Hospital Herlev, 2730 Herlev, Denmark.
Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 May 27;21(11):3816. doi: 10.3390/ijms21113816.
Recent advances in clinical oncology is based on exploiting the capacity of the immune system to combat cancer: immuno-oncology. Thus, immunotherapy of cancer is now used to treat a variety of malignant diseases. A striking feature is that even patients with late-stage disease may experience curative responses. However, most patients still succumb to disease, and do not benefit from treatment. Exercise has gained attention in clinical oncology and has been used for many years to improve quality of life, as well as to counteract chemotherapy-related complications. However, more recently, exercise has garnered interest, largely due to data from animal studies suggesting a striking therapeutic effect in preclinical cancer models; an effect largely mediated by the immune system. In humans, physical activity is associated with a lower risk for a variety of malignancies, and some data suggest a positive clinical effect for cancer patients. Exercise leads to mobilization of cells of the immune system, resulting in redistribution to different body compartments, and in preclinical models, exercise has been shown to lead to immunological changes in the tumor microenvironment. This suggests that exercise and immunotherapy could have a synergistic effect if combined.
近年来，临床肿瘤学的进展基于利用免疫系统对抗癌症的能力：肿瘤免疫疗法。因此，癌症的免疫疗法现在被用于治疗各种恶性疾病。一个显著的特点是，即使是晚期疾病的患者也可能产生治愈反应。然而，大多数患者仍然无法抵抗疾病，无法从治疗中获益。运动在临床肿瘤学中受到关注，并已被用于多年来提高生活质量，以及对抗化疗相关的并发症。然而，最近，运动引起了人们的兴趣，主要是因为动物研究的数据表明，在临床前癌症模型中具有显著的治疗效果；这种效果主要是由免疫系统介导的。在人类中，身体活动与多种恶性肿瘤的风险降低有关，一些数据表明对癌症患者有积极的临床效果。运动导致免疫系统细胞的动员，导致不同身体部位的重新分布，并且在临床前模型中，运动已被证明导致肿瘤微环境中的免疫变化。这表明如果将运动和免疫疗法结合起来，可能会产生协同作用。
