基于理论的背部护理干预对小学生脊柱相关行为的有效性：一项基于学校的随机对照试验（T-Bak 研究）。
Effectiveness of a theory-based back care intervention on spine-related behavior among pupils: a school-based randomised controlled trial (T-Bak study).
机构信息
Department of Health Education, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
Health Metrics Research Center, Iranian Institutes for Health Sciences Research, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2020 May 29;20(1):805. doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-08566-z.
BACKGROUND
Children's health and welfare have a special place in research and policy in many countries. One of the most important concerns is the increasing rate of backache in children due to many of behavioral risk factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational program on promoting back-related behavior as well as knowledge, skills, beliefs, and self-efficacy among fifth grade girls.
METHODS
The theory-based back care (T-Bak) study was a school-based randomised controlled trial (RCT) that assessed the effectiveness of developing a back care training program based on the social cognitive theory (SCT). A total of 104 schoolchildren aged 11 ± 1.0 years were assigned to intervention (n = 52) and control (n = 52) groups. The intervention group received six sessions training on proper lifting and carrying techniques, having proper posture during daily activities, and correct backpack wearing techniques with a 1-week interval while the control group received nothing. Then, the two groups were assessed for knowledge, skills, self-efficacy, beliefs, and behavior at four points in time: baseline, immediate, three and six-months post-intervention. The changes of the outcomes investigated using univariate repeated measures analysis of variance. Partial eta squared measure (η) was used to calculate effect sizes.
RESULTS
A positive change was found for the intervention group back-related behavior from baseline to immediate post-intervention and follow-ups (F = 78.865, p < 0.001, η = 0.22). Overall there were 36.4% improvement for knowledge (η = 0.21), 53.2% for the skills (η = 0.25), 19.5% for the self-efficacy (η = 0.11), and 25.6% for the beliefs (η = 0.14) scores from baseline to 6 months' follow-up assessments among the intervention group (p < 0.001). The results also showed a significant interaction effect between group and time.
CONCLUSION
The T-Bak intervention was effective in improving back-related behavior in pupils. It is now available and could be evaluated further in back-care related studies.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
Current Controlled Trials IRCT20180528039885N1, 30th Oct 2018, 'Prospectively registered'. https://www.irct.ir/trial/31534.
背景
儿童健康和福利在许多国家的研究和政策中占有特殊地位。其中一个最重要的关注点是，由于许多行为风险因素，儿童背痛的发生率不断上升。本研究的目的是评估一项教育计划在促进五年级女生背部相关行为以及知识、技能、信念和自我效能方面的效果。
方法
基于社会认知理论（SCT）的背部保健（T-Bak）研究是一项基于学校的随机对照试验（RCT），评估了制定基于背部保健培训计划的效果。共有 104 名年龄在 11 ± 1.0 岁的小学生被分配到干预组（n = 52）和对照组（n = 52）。干预组接受六次课程培训，内容为正确的举重和搬运技术、日常活动中的正确姿势以及正确的背包佩戴技术，间隔一周；而对照组则什么也不接受。然后，在四个时间点评估两组的知识、技能、自我效能、信念和行为：基线、即时、三至六个月后干预。使用单变量重复测量方差分析来分析结果的变化。部分 eta 平方测量（η）用于计算效应大小。
结果
干预组从基线到即时干预和随访时背部相关行为均发生了积极变化（F = 78.865，p < 0.001，η = 0.22）。从基线到 6 个月随访评估，干预组的知识提高了 36.4%（η = 0.21），技能提高了 53.2%（η = 0.25），自我效能提高了 19.5%（η = 0.11），信念提高了 25.6%（η = 0.14）（p < 0.001）。结果还显示，组间和时间间存在显著的交互效应。
结论
T-Bak 干预措施在改善小学生背部相关行为方面是有效的。现在可以使用它，并可以在背部保健相关研究中进一步评估。
试验注册
IRCT20180528039885N1，2018 年 10 月 30 日，“前瞻性注册”。https://www.irct.ir/trial/31534
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