The University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health, Discipline of Pharmacology, Translational Australian Clinical Toxicology Program, Building K06, Level 3, Room 307A, 1 - 3 Ross St, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine, Monash University, 65 Kavanagh Street, Southbank, Victoria, 3006, Australia.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2020 Jul 1;212:108066. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108066. Epub 2020 May 15.
Acute use of alcohol is a robust risk factor for suicide, reported in approximately one- to two-fifths of suicide cases. Comparisons of risk factors between suicides with and without prior acute alcohol consumption have not been investigated in Australia. This study addresses the gap by examining individual factors (age, sex, employment status, method of suicide) and environmental factors (month of death, jurisdiction) between alcohol and non-alcohol suicide.
Data for all suicide deaths (aged 15 and over) in Australia were obtained from the National Coronial Information System (NCIS). Blood alcohol concentrations (BAC) were extracted from coronial reports, along with demographic information. Alcohol consumption prior to suicide was assumed if BAC ≥ 0.05 g/100 mL. We compared case characteristics between alcohol related and non-alcohol related suicides using logistic regression.
26.7% of suicide deaths in Australia had a BAC ≥ 0.05 g/100 mL. Alcohol use prior to suicide was associated with male gender (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.14, 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.03, 1.26), being aged between 35-44 years (AOR: 1.26, 95%CI: 1.08, 1.46) and hangings (AOR: 1.53, 95%CI: 1.08, 1.46). Mean suicides per month over the timeframe demonstrated significant seasonality. Mean counts per month for alcohol related suicides peaked in December, compared to a peak in September for non-alcohol related suicides.
This study highlights differences between alcohol related and non-alcohol related suicides including sex, age, method of death, time of year and location within Australia. Targeting alcohol related suicide should be a key priority in comprehensive suicide prevention strategies.
急性酒精使用是自杀的一个强有力的风险因素，大约有 1/5 到 2/5 的自杀案例报告了这一因素。在澳大利亚，尚未对有和无急性酒精使用史的自杀者的风险因素进行比较。本研究通过检查个体因素（年龄、性别、就业状况、自杀方式）和环境因素（死亡月份、司法管辖区）来填补这一空白，比较了酒精相关和非酒精相关自杀之间的差异。
从国家验尸信息系统（NCIS）获得澳大利亚所有自杀死亡（年龄在 15 岁及以上）的数据。从验尸报告中提取血液酒精浓度（BAC）和人口统计学信息。如果 BAC≥0.05g/100mL，则假定自杀前有饮酒行为。我们使用逻辑回归比较了酒精相关和非酒精相关自杀之间的病例特征。
澳大利亚 26.7%的自杀死亡者 BAC≥0.05g/100mL。自杀前饮酒与男性（调整后的优势比[OR]：1.14，95%置信区间[95%CI]：1.03，1.26）、年龄在 35-44 岁（OR：1.26，95%CI：1.08，1.46）和上吊（OR：1.53，95%CI：1.08，1.46）有关。在研究时间段内，每月平均自杀人数表现出明显的季节性。与非酒精相关自杀相比，酒精相关自杀的每月平均自杀人数峰值出现在 12 月，而非酒精相关自杀的峰值出现在 9 月。
本研究强调了酒精相关和非酒精相关自杀之间的差异，包括性别、年龄、死亡方式、一年中的时间和澳大利亚境内的位置。针对酒精相关自杀应成为综合自杀预防策略的一个关键重点。
