Bosco Dale B, Tian Dai-Shi, Wu Long-Jun
Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
FEBS J. 2020 Nov;287(22):4822-4837. doi: 10.1111/febs.15428. Epub 2020 Jun 15.
Epilepsy is a major neurological condition that affects millions of people globally. While a number of interventions have been developed to mitigate this condition, a significant number of patients are refractory to these treatments. Consequently, other avenues of research are needed. One such avenue is modulation of the immune system response to this condition, which has mostly focused on microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS). However, other immune cells can impact neurological conditions, principally blood-borne monocytes that can infiltrate into brain parenchyma after seizures. As such, this review will first discuss how monocytes can be recruited to the CNS and how they can be distinguished from there immunological cousins, microglia. Then, we will explore what is known about the role monocytes have within seizure pathogenesis and epilepsy. Considering how little is known about monocyte function in seizure- and epilepsy-related pathologies, further studies are warranted that investigate infiltrated blood-borne monocytes as a potential therapeutic target for epilepsy treatment.
癫痫是一种主要的神经系统疾病，全球数以百万计的人受其影响。虽然已经开发了多种干预措施来缓解这种疾病，但仍有相当数量的患者对这些治疗无效。因此，需要其他研究途径。其中一种途径是调节免疫系统对这种疾病的反应，这主要集中在小胶质细胞上，小胶质细胞是中枢神经系统（CNS）的常驻免疫细胞。然而，其他免疫细胞也会影响神经系统疾病，主要是血源性单核细胞，它们在癫痫发作后可浸润到脑实质中。因此，本综述将首先讨论单核细胞如何被招募到中枢神经系统，以及如何将它们与免疫近亲小胶质细胞区分开来。然后，我们将探讨关于单核细胞在癫痫发病机制和癫痫中的作用的已知情况。考虑到对单核细胞在癫痫和癫痫相关病理中的功能了解甚少，有必要进行进一步研究，将浸润的血源性单核细胞作为癫痫治疗的潜在靶点进行研究。
