Directorate General for Health Services in South Batinah Governorate, MOH, Al-Rustaq, Oman.
Rustaq Regional Hospital, Al-Rustaq, Oman.
Int J Mycobacteriol. 2020 Jan-Mar;9(1):39-47. doi: 10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_188_19.
Understanding the current surveillance activity and the challenges is important to ensure a continuous success toward the elimination goal for tuberculosis (TB). South Batinah Governorate (SBG) ranked the fourth on the top reporting governorates in the period 2010-2016 in Oman. The objective of this study is to describe the epidemiological profile and activities of the surveillance program of TB in the SBG in the years 2017 and 2018.
A retrospective quantitative analysis and a qualitative review were performed to the surveillance data present in the department of disease surveillance and control in the SBG in the years 2017 and 2018.
A total of 39 pulmonary TB (PTB) and 21 extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) cases were diagnosed in 2017 and 2018. More Omanis (22, 56.4%) were diagnosed with PTB compared to non-Omanis; however, the EPTB was solely diagnosed among Omanis (P < 0.001). Majority of the TB patients (35%) were between 30 and 49 years. More than 50% of the TB cases of both the types were diagnosed in <3 months, and the median of diagnosis delay was 33.5 (standard deviation = 95.5). Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine scar was present in only 20.5% of the PTB patients, compared to 57.1% of EPTB (P = 0.004). Patients with PTB presented mainly with cough (31, 79.5%), loss of weight and appetite (25, 64.1%), and fever (22, 56.4%). Enlarged lymph nodes and loss of weight and appetite were the common symptoms among EPTB patients, 38.1 for each (P < 0.001). Staffing, incomplete notifications, difficulty in tracing the results, and absence of regular feedbacks are the major existing challenges.
SBG continues to sustain low incidence rate of tuberculosis; however, additional strategies are urgently required for further reduction. Hence, the priority is to enhance all essential components of the surveillance system at this stage.
了解当前的监测活动和挑战对于确保朝着结核病（TB）消除目标持续取得成功非常重要。2010 年至 2016 年期间，南巴提奈省（SBG）在报告病例最多的省份中排名第四。本研究的目的是描述 2017 年和 2018 年 SBG 结核病监测计划的流行病学特征和活动。
对 2017 年和 2018 年疾病监测和控制部门的监测数据进行了回顾性定量分析和定性审查。
2017 年和 2018 年共诊断出 39 例肺结核（PTB）和 21 例肺外结核（EPTB）病例。与非阿曼人相比，更多的阿曼人（22 人，56.4%）被诊断为 PTB；然而，仅在阿曼人身上诊断出 EPTB（P < 0.001）。大多数结核病患者（35%）年龄在 30 至 49 岁之间。两种类型的结核病病例中有超过 50%在<3 个月内诊断出，诊断延迟中位数为 33.5（标准差=95.5）。仅 20.5%的肺结核患者有卡介苗（BCG）疫苗疤痕，而 EPTB 为 57.1%（P = 0.004）。PTB 患者主要表现为咳嗽（31 例，79.5%）、体重减轻和食欲不振（25 例，64.1%）和发热（22 例，56.4%）。淋巴结肿大、体重减轻和食欲不振是 EPTB 患者的常见症状，各占 38.1%（P < 0.001）。人员配备不足、通知不完整、难以追查结果以及缺乏定期反馈是主要存在的挑战。
SBG 继续保持结核病发病率低；然而，还需要采取额外的策略来进一步减少。因此，现阶段的优先事项是加强监测系统的所有基本组成部分。
