Yang Rui, Geng Shi-Ying, Wang Xiao-Yan
College of Agriculture, Yangtze University/Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2020 Feb;31(2):441-448. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202002.022.
We analyzed winter wheat yield and growth pattern of soybean-wheat and rice-wheat rotation systems in response to different nitrogen fertilization patterns with the aim to provide theoretical basis for narrowing the wheat yield gap between the two rotations in Jianghan Plain. Field experiments were conducted with three treatments, control without nitrogen, traditional nitrogen management (70% nitrogen as basal and 30% nitrogen as topdressing at overwintering), and improved nitrogen management (one third of N was applied at sowing, wintering and jointing, respectively). The growth pattern, grain yield, yield components, fertilizer use-efficiency and economic benefit under the different nitrogen fertilization patterns were examined. Results showed that grain yield was significantly affected by both nitrogen fertilization pattern and crop rotation. Grain yield under improved nitrogen treatment was significantly higher, with the yield gap being 920 kg·hm in soybean-wheat rotation and 2195 kg·hm in rice-wheat rotation. Traditional nitrogen management showed advantage in establishing winter and spring population. Dry matter accumulation was higher under improved nitrogen treatment than traditional treatment with 5%-31% and 14%-28% increases for soybean-wheat and rice-wheat rotations, respectively. The higher yield in the soybean-wheat rotation was due to greater panicle numbers, higher percentage of tiller ears, and dry matter accumulation. The rice-wheat rotation under improved nitrogen showed a significant increase in grain yield compared with soybean-wheat rotation. This result indicated that yield gap between the two crop rotations could be narrowed through suitable nitrogen management. Grain weight after anthesis showed "slow-fast-medium" in soybean-wheat rotation and "medium-fast-slow" in rice-wheat rotation. Nitrogen use efficiency and net benefit of wheat season were higher in rice-wheat system. Overall, the rice-wheat system showed obvious advantages in population structure, dry matter accumulation, grain yield and benefit under improved nitrogen pattern, which was the optimum pattern for both wheat yield and benefit in Jianghan Plain.
我们分析了大豆-小麦和水稻-小麦轮作系统中冬小麦的产量及生长模式对不同施氮模式的响应，旨在为缩小江汉平原两种轮作模式下小麦产量差距提供理论依据。进行了田间试验，设置三个处理：不施氮对照、传统施氮管理（70%氮素作基肥，30%氮素在越冬期作追肥）和优化施氮管理（播种期、越冬期和拔节期分别施用三分之一的氮肥）。研究了不同施氮模式下的生长模式、籽粒产量、产量构成因素、肥料利用效率和经济效益。结果表明，籽粒产量受施氮模式和作物轮作的显著影响。优化施氮处理下的籽粒产量显著更高，大豆-小麦轮作中的产量差距为920 kg·hm，水稻-小麦轮作中的产量差距为2195 kg·hm。传统施氮管理在建立冬春群体方面具有优势。优化施氮处理下的干物质积累高于传统处理，大豆-小麦轮作和水稻-小麦轮作分别增加5%-31%和14%-28%。大豆-小麦轮作中较高的产量归因于穗数更多、分蘖成穗率更高和干物质积累。优化施氮下的水稻-小麦轮作与大豆-小麦轮作相比，籽粒产量显著增加。这一结果表明，通过适宜的施氮管理可以缩小两种作物轮作模式之间的产量差距。花后粒重在大豆-小麦轮作中呈“慢-快-中”趋势，在水稻-小麦轮作中呈“中-快-慢”趋势。水稻-小麦系统中小麦季的氮素利用效率和净效益更高。总体而言，在优化施氮模式下，水稻-小麦系统在群体结构、干物质积累、籽粒产量和效益方面表现出明显优势，是江汉平原小麦产量和效益的最佳模式。
