Watson Amy E, Seleznyova Alla N, Dayatilake Geegana A, Tustin D Stuart
The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North Research Centre, Private Bag 11 030, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Hawke's Bay Research Centre, Private Bag 1401, Havelock North, New Zealand.
Funct Plant Biol. 2012 Jun;39(6):493-502. doi: 10.1071/FP12031.
Improved knowledge of rootstock effects on pear (Pyrus communis L.) tree development is required before early assessment of rootstock breeding populations can be improved. Two cultivars, 'Doyenné du Comice' and 'Concorde', were grafted on Pyrus calleryana Decne. (vigorous), Quince BA29 (semi-vigorous) and Quince C (semi-dwarfing) rootstocks. Growth of the compound trees was studied over 2 years after grafting and flowering was recorded in the spring of the third year. Using architectural analysis, annual shoot types common to all treatments and closely connected to the patterns of extension of preformed and neoformed metamers were identified and the differences among rootstock vigour treatments were quantified by proportions of these shoot types. Rootstock affected node neoformation, which was highest in the treatment with P. calleryana. The extent of sylleptic branching varied among the treatments, whereas the budbreak along the primary-axis in the second year of growth was unaffected, hence, the number of proleptic secondary axes was largely determined the primary-axis node number developed in year one. Spring flowering first occurred in the third year of tree growth and its intensity was influenced by rootstock. Quince C, the least vigorous rootstock, produced the highest number of floral buds. Flowering was delayed in young pear trees compared with apple, as shown in previous studies, so we conclude flowering does not play such a pivotal role in secondary axes development and early tree dwarfing by rootstock as has been observed in apple.
在改进砧木育种群体的早期评估之前，需要更深入了解砧木对梨树（西洋梨）生长发育的影响。将两个品种‘朵云妮·杜·科米斯’和‘协和’嫁接到豆梨（生长旺盛）、BA29榅桲（半旺盛）和C榅桲（半矮化）砧木上。对接种后的复合树生长进行了两年研究，并记录了第三年春季的开花情况。通过结构分析，确定了所有处理共有的、与预制和新形成的节间延伸模式密切相关的一年生枝条类型，并通过这些枝条类型的比例对砧木活力处理之间的差异进行了量化。砧木影响节的新形成，在豆梨处理中最高。不同处理的侧生分枝程度不同，而生长第二年主轴上的萌芽不受影响，因此，二年生侧轴的数量很大程度上取决于第一年主轴上发育的节数。春季开花首次出现在树木生长的第三年，其强度受砧木影响。活力最弱的砧木C榅桲产生的花芽数量最多。与苹果一样，梨树幼树的开花时间比苹果晚，因此我们得出结论，开花在侧轴发育和砧木早期使树矮化方面并不像在苹果中观察到的那样起关键作用。
