Palliotti Alberto, Poni Stefano, Silvestroni Oriana, Tombesi Sergio, Bernizzoni Fabio
Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06128 Perugia, Italy.
Istituto di Frutti-Viticoltura, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29100 Piacenza, Italy.
Funct Plant Biol. 2011 Nov;38(11):888-898. doi: 10.1071/FP11093.
Morpho-structural and physiological traits of Sangiovese and Montepulciano varieties (Vitis vinifera L. - two red grapes widely cultivated in Italy), grown outside under non-limiting water supply conditions were evaluated in 2007 and 2008 and results were correlated with yield components and grape composition. The 2-year analysis showed intraspecific differences in canopy characteristics, leaf and shoot properties, photosynthetic ability, water use efficiency, vine yield and grape composition. Compared with Sangiovese, Montepulciano was able to assure a higher whole-canopy seasonal net CO2 exchange rate during the season (+38% in mid morning and +49% in mid afternoon). It also had higher water use efficiency (especially early in the morning and in late afternoon) and a higher vine yield (+16%). Furthermore, total soluble solids (+1.7 °Brix), anthocyanins (+0.44mgcm-2 berry skin) and phenolic compounds (+0.88mgcm-2 berry skin) were higher in the grapes. To ensure this performance, Montepulciano vines have to support higher costs of growth and maintenance processes, made possible because of the increased respiration activity of the canopy during the night. We confirmed that vine yield and grape composition is strictly dependent on the seasonal photosynthetic capacity of the canopy. Therefore, Montepulciano should be put in a position to fully realise this substantial photosynthetic potential, by avoiding or reducing environmental stress. Sangiovese is structurally and morpho-physiologically better able to withstand any stress during the summer than Montepulciano. Sangiovese xylem tissue had larger mean vessel density and smaller mean vessel diameter and hydraulic conductance than Montepulciano, holding the hypothesis of less susceptibility to conduit damage.
2007年和2008年对桑娇维塞（Sangiovese）和蒙特布查诺（Montepulciano）品种（酿酒葡萄，在意大利广泛种植的两种红葡萄）在非水分限制供应条件下于户外种植时的形态结构和生理特性进行了评估，并将结果与产量构成要素和葡萄成分进行了关联分析。为期两年的分析显示，在树冠特征、叶片和新梢特性、光合能力、水分利用效率、葡萄产量和葡萄成分方面存在种内差异。与桑娇维塞相比，蒙特布查诺在生长季能够确保更高的全树冠季节性净二氧化碳交换率（上午中旬高38%，下午中旬高49%）。它还具有更高的水分利用效率（尤其是在清晨和傍晚）和更高的葡萄产量（高16%）。此外，葡萄中的总可溶性固形物（高1.7°白利糖度）、花青素（高0.44mg/cm² 浆果表皮）和酚类化合物（高0.88mg/cm² 浆果表皮）含量更高。为确保这种表现，蒙特布查诺葡萄藤必须承担更高的生长和维持过程成本，这是由于夜间树冠呼吸活动增加才得以实现。我们证实，葡萄产量和葡萄成分严格依赖于树冠的季节性光合能力。因此，通过避免或减少环境胁迫，蒙特布查诺应该能够充分发挥这种巨大的光合潜力。桑娇维塞在结构和形态生理上比蒙特布查诺更能耐受夏季的任何胁迫。桑娇维塞木质部组织的平均导管密度更大，平均导管直径和水力导度更小，支持其对导管损伤敏感性较低的假设。
