Australian Institute of Marine Science, Fairway, Perth, 6009, Western Australia, Australia.
Centre for Marine Science & Technology, Curtin University, Perth, U1987, Western Australia 6845, Australia.
J Acoust Soc Am. 2020 May;147(5):3575. doi: 10.1121/10.0001264.
Concern over the impacts of anthropogenic noise on aquatic fauna is increasing, as is the number of vessels in the world's oceans, lakes, and rivers. Sound signatures of different vessel types are increasingly characterized, yet few reports are available on solar-electric powered vessels. Such data are important to model the sound levels experienced by marine fauna and their potential impacts. Sounds from two vessel types were recorded in the shallow waters of the Swan River, Western Australia, using bottom-mounted OceanInstruments SoundTraps. Multiple passes from two 10-m solar-electric powered passenger ferries and, for comparison, two 25-m conventionally powered (inboard diesel engine) passenger ferries were selected. Analysis was conducted on 58 and 16 passes by the electric ferries (in 2016 and 2017-2018, respectively) and 10 and 14 passes by the conventional ferry (2016 and 2017-2018, respectively) at 5-m range. At 55-m range, analysis was conducted on 17 and 1 passes by the electric ferry (2016 and 2017-2018, respectively) and 9 and 3 passes of the conventional ferry (2016 and 2017-2018, respectively). Measured received levels and modeled sound propagation were then used to estimate monopole source levels (MSL) and radiated noise levels (RNL). At 55-m range, the conventionally powered ferry type produced 156 and 157 dB re 1 μPam MSL and RNL, respectively, while the same metrics for the electric ferry were 12 dB lower. At frequencies below 500 Hz, spectral levels of the electric ferry at a range of <5 m were 10-25 dB lower than those of the conventional ferry, implying a potential benefit for animals that use low-frequency communication, if electric motors replaced petrol or diesel engines.
人们对人为噪声对水生动物的影响的担忧日益增加，而世界海洋、湖泊和河流中的船只数量也在不断增加。不同船只类型的声音特征越来越被描述，但关于太阳能电动船的报告却很少。这些数据对于模拟海洋动物所经历的声级及其潜在影响非常重要。在澳大利亚西部天鹅河的浅水区，使用海底安装的 OceanInstruments SoundTraps 记录了两种船只类型的声音。从两条 10 米长的太阳能电动客运渡轮和两条 25 米长的传统动力（内置柴油发动机）客运渡轮中选择了多个通过点进行比较。对电动渡轮（分别在 2016 年和 2017-2018 年）的 58 和 16 次通过以及常规渡轮（分别在 2016 年和 2017-2018 年）的 10 和 14 次通过进行了分析。在 55 米的范围内，对电动渡轮（分别在 2016 年和 2017-2018 年）的 17 和 1 次通过以及常规渡轮（分别在 2016 年和 2017-2018 年）的 9 和 3 次通过进行了分析。然后使用测量的接收水平和建模的声传播来估计单极源级（MSL）和辐射噪声级（RNL）。在 55 米的范围内，传统动力渡轮产生的 MSL 和 RNL 分别为 156 和 157dB re 1 μPam，而电动渡轮的相同指标低 12dB。在低于 500Hz 的频率下，距离<5m 的电动渡轮的频谱水平比传统渡轮低 10-25dB，如果电动马达代替汽油或柴油发动机，这对使用低频通信的动物可能有好处。
