Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India.
Department of Forensic Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India.
Proc Inst Mech Eng H. 2020 Aug;234(8):829-842. doi: 10.1177/0954411920925254. Epub 2020 Jun 3.
Efficacy and outcomes of osteosynthesis depend on various factors including types of injury and repair, host factors, characteristics of implant materials and type of implantation. One of the most important host factors appears to be the extent of bone damage due to the mechanical force and thermal injury which are produced at cutting site during bone drilling. The temperature above the critical temperature (47 °C) produces thermal osteonecrosis in the bones. In the present work, experimental investigations were performed to determine the effect of drilling parameters (rotational speed, feed rate and drill diameter) and techniques (conventional surgical bone drilling and rotary ultrasonic bone drilling) on cutting force and temperature generated during bone drilling. The drilling experiments were performed by a newly developed bone drilling machine on different types of human bones (femur, tibia and fibula) having different biological structure and mechanical behaviour. The bone samples were procured from male cadavers with the age of second to fourth decades. The results revealed that there was a significant difference ( < 0.05) in cutting force and temperature rise for rotary ultrasonic bone drilling and conventional surgical bone drilling. The cutting force obtained in rotary ultrasonic bone drilling was 30%-40%, whereas temperature generated was 50%-55% lesser than conventional surgical bone drilling process for drilling in all types of bones. It was also found that the cutting force increased with increasing feed rate, drill diameter and decrease in rotational speed, whereas increasing rotational speed, drill diameter and feed rate resulted in higher heat generation during bone drilling. Both the techniques revealed that the axial cutting force and the temperature rise were significantly higher in femur and tibia compared with the fibula for all combinations of process parameters.
内固定的疗效和结果取决于多种因素，包括损伤和修复类型、宿主因素、植入物材料特性和植入类型。最重要的宿主因素之一似乎是由于在骨钻孔过程中切割部位产生的机械力和热损伤导致的骨损伤程度。温度超过临界温度（47°C）会导致骨骼发生热骨坏死。在本工作中，进行了实验研究以确定钻孔参数（转速、进给率和钻头直径）和技术（传统手术骨钻孔和旋转超声骨钻孔）对骨钻孔过程中产生的切削力和温度的影响。使用新开发的骨钻孔机在具有不同生物结构和力学行为的不同类型的人骨（股骨、胫骨和腓骨）上进行了钻孔实验。骨样本取自年龄在第二到第四十年的男性尸体。结果表明，旋转超声骨钻孔和传统手术骨钻孔的切削力和温升有显著差异（<0.05）。旋转超声骨钻孔的切削力为 30%-40%，而在所有类型的骨骼中，产生的温度比传统手术骨钻孔工艺低 50%-55%。还发现切削力随进给率、钻头直径的增加和转速的降低而增加，而在骨钻孔过程中，增加转速、钻头直径和进给率会导致更高的热量产生。两种技术都表明，对于所有工艺参数组合，股骨和胫骨的轴向切削力和温升均明显高于腓骨。
