Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Emerging and Re-emerging Diarrheal Viruses, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
Center of Excellence in Emerging and Re-emerging Diarrheal Viruses, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Faculty of Public Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
J Infect Public Health. 2020 Oct;13(10):1481-1489. doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.05.004. Epub 2020 May 31.
Enteric caliciviruses, including noroviruses (NoVs) and sapoviruses (SaVs) are the most significant pathogens associated with waterborne and foodborne outbreaks of nonbacterial acute gastroenteritis in humans worldwide.
In this study, 126 environmental water samples collected from 6 different sources in Chiang Mai, Thailand from November 2016 to July 2018 were examined for the presence of genogroups I, II, IV (GI, GII, GIV) NoVs and SaVs by using RT-nested PCR assays, genome sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis, RESULTS: Forty out of 126 (31.7%) water samples were positive for one or more caliciviruses throughout the years of study with high prevalence in winter. Among 126 tested specimens, 34 (27.0%), 30 (23.8%), 3 (2.4%), and 2 (1.6%) were positive for NoV GI, GII, GIV, and SaV, respectively. For NoV GI, 6 different genotypes were identified with the most predominant of GI.1 genotype (17 strains). In addition, 6 different genotypes of GII were detected with high prevalence of GII.17 (12 strains) and GII.2 (11 strains). It was interesting to note that our study reported the detection of NoV GIV for the first time in water samples in Thailand, and all were GIV.1 genotype. For SaV detection, only 2 water samples were positive for SaV GI.
The data revealed heterogeneity and highly dynamic distribution of NoV GI, GII, GIV, and SaV in environmental water in Chiang Mai, Thailand, during the study period of 2016-2018.
肠杯状病毒，包括诺如病毒（NoV）和札如病毒（SaV），是全球与水传播和食源性非细菌性急性肠胃炎暴发相关的最重要病原体。
本研究于 2016 年 11 月至 2018 年 7 月期间，从泰国清迈的 6 个不同来源采集了 126 份环境水样，通过 RT-巢式 PCR 检测、基因组测序和系统进化分析，检测水样中基因型 I、II、IV（GI、GII、GIV）NoV 和 SaV 的存在情况。
在研究期间，126 份水样中有 40 份（31.7%）在一年中的不同时间点呈一种或多种杯状病毒阳性，冬季阳性率较高。在 126 个检测样本中，34 个（27.0%）、30 个（23.8%）、3 个（2.4%）和 2 个（1.6%）分别为 NoV GI、GII、GIV 和 SaV 阳性。对于 NoV GI，共鉴定出 6 种不同的基因型，其中最主要的是 GI.1 基因型（17 株）。此外，还检测到 6 种不同的 GII 基因型，其中 GII.17（12 株）和 GII.2（11 株）的流行率较高。值得注意的是，我们的研究首次在泰国水样中检测到 NoV GIV，且均为 GIV.1 基因型。对于 SaV 的检测，仅 2 份水样对 SaV GI 呈阳性。
本研究结果表明，2016-2018 年期间，泰国清迈环境水中的 NoV GI、GII、GIV 和 SaV 存在异质性和高度动态分布。
