Pruiksma Kristi E, Slavish Danica C, Taylor Daniel J, Dietch Jessica R, Tyler Hannah, Dolan Megan, Bryan AnnaBelle O, Bryan Craig J
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA.
Int J Behav Med. 2021 Apr;28(2):238-249. doi: 10.1007/s12529-020-09889-2.
Nightmares and insomnia are significant concerns that commonly co-occur with each other and with other health disorders. Limited research has examined the unique and shared aspects of insomnia and nightmares, and little is known about sleep in US National Guard personnel. This study sought to determine the prevalence and psychosocial correlates of nightmares with and without insomnia in US National Guard personnel.
National Guard personnel (N = 841) completed an online survey and were classified as having nightmares only, insomnia only, both, or neither, using a minimum nightmare frequency of "less than once a week" and an Insomnia Severity Index cutoff of ≥ 15. Analyses examined differences in demographics, physical health, and psychosocial variables and in the prevalence of nightmares and insomnia in personnel with physical and mental health problems.
In this sample, 32% reported nightmares only, 4% reported insomnia only, and 12% reported both. Those in the youngest age group (18-21) were more likely to have no nightmares or insomnia. Those with both nightmares and insomnia had more deployments. Nightmares and insomnia were associated with poorer physical and mental health and greater prevalence of comorbid physical and mental health conditions. Personnel with both insomnia and nightmares reported the greatest severity of comorbid conditions.
US National Guard personnel with nightmares and/or insomnia reported worse mental and physical health impairment than those without these conditions. Personnel may benefit from screening for nightmares and insomnia and referrals for evidence-based treatment.
噩梦和失眠是常见的重大问题，它们常常同时出现，也与其他健康问题并存。有限的研究探讨了失眠和噩梦的独特及共同方面，而对于美国国民警卫队人员的睡眠情况知之甚少。本研究旨在确定美国国民警卫队人员中伴有或不伴有失眠的噩梦的患病率及其心理社会相关因素。
国民警卫队人员（N = 841）完成了一项在线调查，并根据每周噩梦频率低于一次以及失眠严重程度指数≥15被分类为仅患有噩梦、仅患有失眠、两者皆有或两者皆无。分析检查了人口统计学、身体健康和心理社会变量的差异，以及有身心健康问题的人员中噩梦和失眠的患病率差异。
在这个样本中，32%的人仅报告有噩梦，4%的人仅报告有失眠，12%的人两者皆有。最年轻年龄组（18 - 21岁）的人更有可能既没有噩梦也没有失眠。同时患有噩梦和失眠的人有更多的部署经历。噩梦和失眠与较差的身心健康以及身心共病状况的更高患病率相关。同时患有失眠和噩梦的人员报告的共病状况严重程度最高。
与没有这些情况的人员相比，患有噩梦和/或失眠的美国国民警卫队人员报告的身心健康损害更严重。人员可能会从噩梦和失眠筛查以及循证治疗转诊中受益。
