Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Sep 20;736:139574. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139574. Epub 2020 May 21.
Improving risk assessment and remediation rests on better understanding of contaminant bioavailability. Despite their strong toxicological attributes, little is known about the partitioning behaviour and bioavailability of polar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in aquatic environments. The present study provides an insight into the bioavailable fractions of polar PAHs and their parent analogues in the tissues of the Sydney rock oyster, Saccostrea glomerata, a model aquatic bio-indicator organism. The concentration and distribution patterns of parent and polar PAHs including oxygenated PAHs (oxyPAHs), nitrated PAHs (NPAHs) and heterocyclic PAHs (HPAHs) were determined in water, sediment and oysters from an ecologically and economically important estuary of New South Wales, Australia. Total concentrations of PAHs, oxyPAHs, NPAHs and HPAHs were higher in sediments compared to oyster tissue and water. For most polar PAHs, total concentrations for water, sediment and oyster samples were <1 μg/g (μg/l for water) while parent PAH concentrations were several orders of magnitude higher. Computed biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs) on lipid-normalized oyster concentrations revealed that while ∑oxyPAHs and ∑HPAHs exhibited low accumulation from sediment to oyster tissues (BSAF <1), ∑PAHs and ∑NPAH were found to be accumulated at high levels (BSAF >1). BSAF individual computation showed that bioaccumulation of nine investigated HPAHs in oyster tissues were relatively low and only 2-EAQ (oxyPAH) and 1N-NAP (NPAH) showed high levels of accumulation in oyster tissues, similar to parent PAHs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first known study on the bioavailability of polar and non-polar PAHs in an Australian aquatic environment. The outcome of this study might be a useful indicator of the potential risks of polar PAHs to humans and other living organisms.
提高风险评估和修复取决于对污染物生物有效性的更好理解。尽管具有很强的毒理学特性，但对于极性多环芳烃（PAHs）在水生环境中的分配行为和生物有效性知之甚少。本研究深入了解了极性 PAHs 及其母体类似物在悉尼岩蚝（Saccostrea glomerata）组织中的可生物利用部分，悉尼岩蚝是一种模型水生生物指示剂。在澳大利亚新南威尔士州一个具有生态和经济重要性的河口，测定了水中、沉积物中和牡蛎组织中母体和极性 PAHs （包括含氧 PAHs（oxyPAHs）、硝基 PAHs（NPAHs）和杂环 PAHs（HPAHs））的浓度和分布模式。与牡蛎组织和水相比，沉积物中的 PAHs、oxyPAHs、NPAHs 和 HPAHs 总浓度更高。对于大多数极性 PAHs，水、沉积物和牡蛎样品中的总浓度<1μg/g（水的μg/l），而母体 PAH 浓度则高出几个数量级。根据脂质标准化的牡蛎浓度计算的生物-沉积物积累因子（BSAF）表明，虽然∑oxyPAHs 和∑HPAHs 从沉积物到牡蛎组织的积累量较低（BSAF<1），但∑PAHs 和∑NPAH 的积累量较高（BSAF>1）。BSAF 个体计算表明，在所研究的 9 种 HPAHs 在牡蛎组织中的生物积累相对较低，只有 2-EAQ（oxyPAH）和 1N-NAP（NPAH）在牡蛎组织中表现出高积累水平，类似于母体 PAHs。据我们所知，这是在澳大利亚水生环境中首次研究极性和非极性 PAHs 的生物有效性。本研究的结果可能是极性 PAHs 对人类和其他生物潜在风险的有用指标。
