Casale Silvia, Caponi Luisa, Fioravanti Giulia
Department of Health Sciences, Psychology and Psychiatry Unit, University of Florence, via di San Salvi 12, Florence, Italy.
Department of Health Sciences, Psychology and Psychiatry Unit, University of Florence, via di San Salvi 12, Florence, Italy.
Addict Behav. 2020 Oct;109:106484. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106484. Epub 2020 May 22.
Recent research has suggested that metacognitions may play a role across the spectrum of addictive behaviours, including problematic use of technological devices. Metacognitions associated with problematic Smartphone use (PSU) have been scarcely investigated and measures to assess these beliefs are not yet available. The goal of the present study was: (i) to develop the first self-report scale of metacognitions about Smartphone use; and (ii) to investigate its predictive validity with respect to PSU.
Twenty-four items concerning positive and negative metacognitions about PSU were framed and administered to a community sample of 701 Smartphone users (F = 66.2%; mean age: 28.08 ± 9.81; age range: 15-70). An exploratory factor analysis was first performed in a randomly allocated subsample of 350 participants. A confirmative factor analysis was then computed on a second subsample of 351 participants to test the fit of the factor structure identified.
Findings revealed a 3-factor solution consisting of positive metacognitions concerning emotional and cognitive regulation, positive metacognitions concerning social advantages, and negative metacognitions about uncontrollability and cognitive harm of Smartphone use. Regression analysis showed that all the Metacognitions about Smartphone Use Questionnaire (MSUQ) factors were significantly associated to PSU independently of anxiety and depressive symptoms.
The MSUQ might be a promising self-report measure and further support research into the role of metacognition in technological addictions.
近期研究表明，元认知可能在包括技术设备使用问题在内的成瘾行为谱中发挥作用。与问题智能手机使用（PSU）相关的元认知很少被研究，且尚未有评估这些信念的措施。本研究的目的是：（i）开发首个关于智能手机使用的元认知自我报告量表；（ii）研究其对PSU的预测效度。
制定了24个关于PSU的积极和消极元认知项目，并施测于701名智能手机用户的社区样本（女性=66.2%；平均年龄：28.08±9.81；年龄范围：15 - 70岁）。首先在350名参与者的随机分配子样本中进行探索性因素分析。然后在351名参与者的第二个子样本上进行验证性因素分析，以检验所确定因素结构的拟合度。
研究结果揭示了一个三因素解决方案，包括关于情绪和认知调节的积极元认知、关于社会优势的积极元认知以及关于智能手机使用的不可控性和认知危害的消极元认知。回归分析表明，智能手机使用元认知问卷（MSUQ）的所有因素均与PSU显著相关，且独立于焦虑和抑郁症状。
MSUQ可能是一种有前景的自我报告测量工具，并进一步支持关于元认知在技术成瘾中作用的研究。
