The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Aug 10;729:139007. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139007. Epub 2020 Apr 27.
Though mountain lakes are generally much less influenced by human activities than other habitats, anthropogenic threats can still alter their natural condition. A major source of global environmental pollution in mountain ecosystems is trace element contamination. For this study we investigated for the first time the accumulation of As, Cd, Pb, and Zn in sediment, Diptera Chironomidae (prey), and bullhead Cottus gobio (predator) in a typical high-mountain lake (Dimon Lake) in the Carnic Alps. Significant differences in trace element levels were observed between sediment, Diptera Chironomidae, and C. gobio liver and muscle samples (Kruskal-Wallis test; p < .03 for all elements). As and Pb levels were highest in sediment, Cd and Zn levels were highest in Diptera Chironomidae, and the lowest values for all elements were measured in C. gobio muscle and liver. Bioaccumulation factor values were much higher in Diptera Chironomidae than fish muscle and liver, with the highest values recorded for Cd (5.16) and Zn (4.37). Trophic transfer factor values were very low for all elements in fish muscle and liver, suggesting a biodilution effect along the food chain. Further studies are needed to expand on these first findings that provide useful insights to inform environmental monitoring and policy in remote high-mountain lakes.
尽管高山湖泊通常受人类活动的影响比其他生境小，但人为威胁仍然会改变它们的自然状况。微量元素污染是山地生态系统中全球环境污染的主要来源。在这项研究中，我们首次调查了高山湖泊（迪蒙湖）中沉积物、摇蚊幼虫（猎物）和褐鳟（捕食者）中砷、镉、铅和锌的积累情况。在沉积物、摇蚊幼虫和褐鳟肝脏和肌肉样本中观察到微量元素水平存在显著差异（Kruskal-Wallis 检验；所有元素的 p 值均<.03）。沉积物中砷和铅含量最高，摇蚊幼虫中镉和锌含量最高，褐鳟肌肉和肝脏中所有元素含量最低。生物积累因子值在摇蚊幼虫中明显高于鱼类肌肉和肝脏，其中镉（5.16）和锌（4.37）的数值最高。鱼类肌肉和肝脏中所有元素的营养转移因子值都非常低，表明食物链中存在生物稀释效应。需要进一步研究来扩展这些首次发现，以为偏远高山湖泊的环境监测和政策提供有用的信息。
