School of Science and the Environment, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL, A2H 5G4, Canada; School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G2W1, Canada.
School of Science and the Environment, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL, A2H 5G4, Canada.
Environ Pollut. 2020 Oct;265(Pt A):114869. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114869. Epub 2020 May 27.
About 11% of the global anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions result from agricultural practices. Dairy manure (DM) application to soil is regarded as a best management practice due to C sequestration and improvement of soil physiochemical properties. However, GHGs emissions from the soil following the DM application could offset its advantages. Biochar (BC) is known to affect N transformation and GHGs emissions from soil. There had been considerably less focus on the BC amendment and its effects on GHGs emissions following DM application under field conditions. The objectives of this study were; i) to determine the temporal patterns and cumulative GHGs fluxes following DM and inorganic nitrogen (IN) application and, ii) to investigate BC amendment impact on DMY, GWP, direct NO emission factor (EF) and the response of CH emissions (RC) in DM based silage corn. To achieve these objectives a two-year field experiment was conducted with these treatments: 1) DM with high N conc. (DM: 0.37% N); 2) DM with low N conc. (DM: 0.13% N); 3) IN; 4) DM+BC; 5) DM+BC; 6) IN + BC; and 7) Control (N); and were laid out in randomized complete block design with four replications. BC amendment to DM, DM and IN significantly reduced cumulative CO emission by 16, 25.5 and 26.5%, CH emission by 184, 200 and 293% and NO emission by 95, 86 and 93% respectively. It also reduced area-scaled and yield-scaled GWP, EF, RC and enhanced DMY. Thus, BC application showed great potential to offset the negative effects of DM application i.e GHGs emissions from the silage corn cropping system. Further research is needed to evaluate soil organic carbon and nitrogen dynamics (substrates for GHG emissions) after DM and BC application on various soil types and cropping systems under field conditions.
大约 11%的人为温室气体（GHG）排放来自农业活动。由于碳固存和改善土壤理化性质，向土壤中施奶牛粪（DM）被认为是一种最佳管理实践。然而，DM 施用后土壤中的 GHG 排放可能会抵消其优势。生物炭（BC）已知会影响土壤中氮的转化和 GHG 排放。在田间条件下，DM 施用后添加 BC 及其对 GHG 排放的影响受到的关注要少得多。本研究的目的是：i）确定 DM 和无机氮（IN）施用后 GHGs 通量的时间模式和累积量，ii）研究 BC 对 DMY、GWP、直接 NO 排放因子（EF）和 DM 青贮玉米中 CH 排放的响应（RC）的影响。为了实现这些目标，进行了为期两年的田间试验，处理方法如下：1）高氮浓度 DM（DM：0.37% N）；2）低氮浓度 DM（DM：0.13% N）；3）IN；4）DM+BC；5）DM+BC；6）IN+BC；和 7）对照（N）；采用随机完全区组设计，设 4 次重复。BC 对 DM、DM 和 IN 的添加显著减少了累积 CO 排放 16%、25.5%和 26.5%，减少了 CH 排放 184%、200%和 293%，减少了 NO 排放 95%、86%和 93%。它还降低了面积标准化和产量标准化的 GWP、EF、RC 和增强了 DMY。因此，BC 的应用具有很大的潜力来抵消青贮玉米种植系统中 DM 应用的负面影响，即 GHGs 排放。需要进一步的研究来评估 DM 和 BC 施用于不同土壤类型和田间条件下的各种种植系统后土壤有机碳和氮动态（GHG 排放的底物）。
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