The Wistar Institute, Melanoma Research Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Nat Commun. 2020 Jun 5;11(1):2858. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-15546-9.
Metastatic melanoma is challenging to manage. Although targeted- and immune therapies have extended survival, most patients experience therapy resistance. The adaptability of melanoma cells in nutrient- and therapeutically-challenged environments distinguishes melanoma as an ideal model for investigating therapy resistance. In this review, we discuss the current available repertoire of melanoma models including two- and three-dimensional tissue cultures, organoids, genetically engineered mice and patient-derived xenograft. In particular, we highlight how each system recapitulates different features of melanoma adaptability and can be used to better understand melanoma development, progression and therapy resistance.
转移性黑色素瘤难以治疗。尽管靶向治疗和免疫疗法延长了患者的生存时间，但大多数患者仍会产生耐药性。黑色素瘤细胞在营养和治疗挑战环境中的适应性使其成为研究耐药性的理想模型。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了现有的黑色素瘤模型，包括二维和三维组织培养物、类器官、基因工程小鼠和患者来源的异种移植物。特别是，我们强调了每个系统如何重现黑色素瘤适应性的不同特征，并可用于更好地了解黑色素瘤的发生、发展和耐药性。
