Uptake and detoxification of trace metals in estuarine crabs: insights into the role of metallothioneins.

The detoxification process of trace metals in the estuarine burrowing crab Neohelice granulata, after previously being exposed to anthropogenic pressures in the field, is described for the first time. The objectives of this study were (a) to assess the metal content (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Mn, Ni, Cr, Fe) in the sediments and the uptake of these elements in the hepatopancreas of N. granulata; (b) to quantify trace metal concentrations in the hepatopancreas before and after the detoxification experiment; and (c) to relate this information to metallothionein (MT) induction or reversibility. The detoxification assay was performed for 25 days with artificial seawater under controlled conditions in a culture chamber. The results showed higher uptake and bioaccumulation of Zn and Cu from the sediments, and the hepatopancreas exhibited increased levels of Zn and lower concentrations of the rest of the metals and MTs after the assay, mainly Fe and Mn that were significantly lower. We conclude that trace metals could be translocated to and accumulated in the hepatopancreas, the main metabolic organ, and then eliminated under controlled conditions with corresponding reversibility of MTs. Graphical abstract.